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The Association between Drinking Water Quality and Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Study in Eastern Croatia

The incidence rate of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is becoming a global health problem that could be caused by changes in environmental and lifestyle habits. The study aimed to identify the association between the quality of drinking water, i.e., physiochemical and biological aspects of the phen...

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Autores principales: Holik, Dubravka, Bezdan, Atila, Marković, Monika, Orkić, Želimir, Milostić-Srb, Andrea, Mikšić, Štefica, Včev, Aleksandar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7697303/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33207850
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228495
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author Holik, Dubravka
Bezdan, Atila
Marković, Monika
Orkić, Želimir
Milostić-Srb, Andrea
Mikšić, Štefica
Včev, Aleksandar
author_facet Holik, Dubravka
Bezdan, Atila
Marković, Monika
Orkić, Želimir
Milostić-Srb, Andrea
Mikšić, Štefica
Včev, Aleksandar
author_sort Holik, Dubravka
collection PubMed
description The incidence rate of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is becoming a global health problem that could be caused by changes in environmental and lifestyle habits. The study aimed to identify the association between the quality of drinking water, i.e., physiochemical and biological aspects of the phenotype and activity of IBD in Eastern Croatia. The study included 312 patients (63.4% ulcerative colitis, UC, and 36.6% Crohn’s disease, CD) from the area of Eastern Croatia. The data were collected by questionnaires and the analysis of the water safety, based on 65 samples of drinking water by the patient’s water supply method (public supply, rural water supply, and private well). IBD was active in 38.0% patients (34.0% CD and 40.0% UC). Significant differences (p = 0.001) were observed in the distribution of patients, according to counties in which they lived in. The largest deviation was noted in coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and enterococci bacteria, Fe, Al, and nitrate in rural water supply and private wells, although, without significant impact on IBD phenotype and activity. The hazard quotient (HQ) simulations showed that children are a sensitive group, regarding exposure to nitrates in drinking water over a long period of time, so there is a need for further monitoring and analysis of this issue.
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spelling pubmed-76973032020-11-29 The Association between Drinking Water Quality and Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Study in Eastern Croatia Holik, Dubravka Bezdan, Atila Marković, Monika Orkić, Želimir Milostić-Srb, Andrea Mikšić, Štefica Včev, Aleksandar Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The incidence rate of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is becoming a global health problem that could be caused by changes in environmental and lifestyle habits. The study aimed to identify the association between the quality of drinking water, i.e., physiochemical and biological aspects of the phenotype and activity of IBD in Eastern Croatia. The study included 312 patients (63.4% ulcerative colitis, UC, and 36.6% Crohn’s disease, CD) from the area of Eastern Croatia. The data were collected by questionnaires and the analysis of the water safety, based on 65 samples of drinking water by the patient’s water supply method (public supply, rural water supply, and private well). IBD was active in 38.0% patients (34.0% CD and 40.0% UC). Significant differences (p = 0.001) were observed in the distribution of patients, according to counties in which they lived in. The largest deviation was noted in coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and enterococci bacteria, Fe, Al, and nitrate in rural water supply and private wells, although, without significant impact on IBD phenotype and activity. The hazard quotient (HQ) simulations showed that children are a sensitive group, regarding exposure to nitrates in drinking water over a long period of time, so there is a need for further monitoring and analysis of this issue. MDPI 2020-11-16 2020-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7697303/ /pubmed/33207850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228495 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Holik, Dubravka
Bezdan, Atila
Marković, Monika
Orkić, Želimir
Milostić-Srb, Andrea
Mikšić, Štefica
Včev, Aleksandar
The Association between Drinking Water Quality and Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Study in Eastern Croatia
title The Association between Drinking Water Quality and Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Study in Eastern Croatia
title_full The Association between Drinking Water Quality and Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Study in Eastern Croatia
title_fullStr The Association between Drinking Water Quality and Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Study in Eastern Croatia
title_full_unstemmed The Association between Drinking Water Quality and Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Study in Eastern Croatia
title_short The Association between Drinking Water Quality and Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Study in Eastern Croatia
title_sort association between drinking water quality and inflammatory bowel disease—a study in eastern croatia
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7697303/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33207850
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228495
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