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The Association between Drinking Water Quality and Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Study in Eastern Croatia
The incidence rate of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is becoming a global health problem that could be caused by changes in environmental and lifestyle habits. The study aimed to identify the association between the quality of drinking water, i.e., physiochemical and biological aspects of the phen...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7697303/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33207850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228495 |
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author | Holik, Dubravka Bezdan, Atila Marković, Monika Orkić, Želimir Milostić-Srb, Andrea Mikšić, Štefica Včev, Aleksandar |
author_facet | Holik, Dubravka Bezdan, Atila Marković, Monika Orkić, Želimir Milostić-Srb, Andrea Mikšić, Štefica Včev, Aleksandar |
author_sort | Holik, Dubravka |
collection | PubMed |
description | The incidence rate of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is becoming a global health problem that could be caused by changes in environmental and lifestyle habits. The study aimed to identify the association between the quality of drinking water, i.e., physiochemical and biological aspects of the phenotype and activity of IBD in Eastern Croatia. The study included 312 patients (63.4% ulcerative colitis, UC, and 36.6% Crohn’s disease, CD) from the area of Eastern Croatia. The data were collected by questionnaires and the analysis of the water safety, based on 65 samples of drinking water by the patient’s water supply method (public supply, rural water supply, and private well). IBD was active in 38.0% patients (34.0% CD and 40.0% UC). Significant differences (p = 0.001) were observed in the distribution of patients, according to counties in which they lived in. The largest deviation was noted in coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and enterococci bacteria, Fe, Al, and nitrate in rural water supply and private wells, although, without significant impact on IBD phenotype and activity. The hazard quotient (HQ) simulations showed that children are a sensitive group, regarding exposure to nitrates in drinking water over a long period of time, so there is a need for further monitoring and analysis of this issue. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7697303 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76973032020-11-29 The Association between Drinking Water Quality and Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Study in Eastern Croatia Holik, Dubravka Bezdan, Atila Marković, Monika Orkić, Želimir Milostić-Srb, Andrea Mikšić, Štefica Včev, Aleksandar Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The incidence rate of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is becoming a global health problem that could be caused by changes in environmental and lifestyle habits. The study aimed to identify the association between the quality of drinking water, i.e., physiochemical and biological aspects of the phenotype and activity of IBD in Eastern Croatia. The study included 312 patients (63.4% ulcerative colitis, UC, and 36.6% Crohn’s disease, CD) from the area of Eastern Croatia. The data were collected by questionnaires and the analysis of the water safety, based on 65 samples of drinking water by the patient’s water supply method (public supply, rural water supply, and private well). IBD was active in 38.0% patients (34.0% CD and 40.0% UC). Significant differences (p = 0.001) were observed in the distribution of patients, according to counties in which they lived in. The largest deviation was noted in coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and enterococci bacteria, Fe, Al, and nitrate in rural water supply and private wells, although, without significant impact on IBD phenotype and activity. The hazard quotient (HQ) simulations showed that children are a sensitive group, regarding exposure to nitrates in drinking water over a long period of time, so there is a need for further monitoring and analysis of this issue. MDPI 2020-11-16 2020-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7697303/ /pubmed/33207850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228495 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Holik, Dubravka Bezdan, Atila Marković, Monika Orkić, Želimir Milostić-Srb, Andrea Mikšić, Štefica Včev, Aleksandar The Association between Drinking Water Quality and Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Study in Eastern Croatia |
title | The Association between Drinking Water Quality and Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Study in Eastern Croatia |
title_full | The Association between Drinking Water Quality and Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Study in Eastern Croatia |
title_fullStr | The Association between Drinking Water Quality and Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Study in Eastern Croatia |
title_full_unstemmed | The Association between Drinking Water Quality and Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Study in Eastern Croatia |
title_short | The Association between Drinking Water Quality and Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Study in Eastern Croatia |
title_sort | association between drinking water quality and inflammatory bowel disease—a study in eastern croatia |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7697303/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33207850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228495 |
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