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Design, Operation and Optimization of Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pollutant
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are affordable and reliable green technologies for the treatment of various types of wastewater. Compared to conventional treatment systems, CWs offer an environmentally friendly approach, are low cost, have fewer operational and maintenance requirements, and have a high p...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7698012/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33187288 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228339 |
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author | Rahman, Md Ekhlasur Bin Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi Bin Abd Samad, Mohd Yusoff Uddin, Md Kamal Mahmud, Khairil Abd Shukor, Mohd Yunus Sheikh Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Shamsuzzaman, S M |
author_facet | Rahman, Md Ekhlasur Bin Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi Bin Abd Samad, Mohd Yusoff Uddin, Md Kamal Mahmud, Khairil Abd Shukor, Mohd Yunus Sheikh Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Shamsuzzaman, S M |
author_sort | Rahman, Md Ekhlasur |
collection | PubMed |
description | Constructed wetlands (CWs) are affordable and reliable green technologies for the treatment of various types of wastewater. Compared to conventional treatment systems, CWs offer an environmentally friendly approach, are low cost, have fewer operational and maintenance requirements, and have a high potential for being applied in developing countries, particularly in small rural communities. However, the sustainable management and successful application of these systems remain a challenge. Therefore, after briefly providing basic information on wetlands and summarizing the classification and use of current CWs, this study aims to provide and inspire sustainable solutions for the performance and application of CWs by giving a comprehensive review of CWs’ application and the recent development of their sustainable design, operation, and optimization for wastewater treatment. To accomplish this objective, thee design and management parameters of CWs, including macrophyte species, media types, water level, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and hydraulic loading rate (HLR), are discussed. Besides these, future research on improving the stability and sustainability of CWs are highlighted. This article provides a tool for researchers and decision-makers for using CWs to treat wastewater in a particular area. This paper presents an aid for informed analysis, decision-making, and communication. The review indicates that major advances in the design, operation, and optimization of CWs have greatly increased contaminant removal efficiencies, and the sustainable application of this treatment system has also been improved. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7698012 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76980122020-11-29 Design, Operation and Optimization of Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pollutant Rahman, Md Ekhlasur Bin Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi Bin Abd Samad, Mohd Yusoff Uddin, Md Kamal Mahmud, Khairil Abd Shukor, Mohd Yunus Sheikh Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Shamsuzzaman, S M Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Constructed wetlands (CWs) are affordable and reliable green technologies for the treatment of various types of wastewater. Compared to conventional treatment systems, CWs offer an environmentally friendly approach, are low cost, have fewer operational and maintenance requirements, and have a high potential for being applied in developing countries, particularly in small rural communities. However, the sustainable management and successful application of these systems remain a challenge. Therefore, after briefly providing basic information on wetlands and summarizing the classification and use of current CWs, this study aims to provide and inspire sustainable solutions for the performance and application of CWs by giving a comprehensive review of CWs’ application and the recent development of their sustainable design, operation, and optimization for wastewater treatment. To accomplish this objective, thee design and management parameters of CWs, including macrophyte species, media types, water level, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and hydraulic loading rate (HLR), are discussed. Besides these, future research on improving the stability and sustainability of CWs are highlighted. This article provides a tool for researchers and decision-makers for using CWs to treat wastewater in a particular area. This paper presents an aid for informed analysis, decision-making, and communication. The review indicates that major advances in the design, operation, and optimization of CWs have greatly increased contaminant removal efficiencies, and the sustainable application of this treatment system has also been improved. MDPI 2020-11-11 2020-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7698012/ /pubmed/33187288 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228339 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Rahman, Md Ekhlasur Bin Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi Bin Abd Samad, Mohd Yusoff Uddin, Md Kamal Mahmud, Khairil Abd Shukor, Mohd Yunus Sheikh Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Shamsuzzaman, S M Design, Operation and Optimization of Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pollutant |
title | Design, Operation and Optimization of Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pollutant |
title_full | Design, Operation and Optimization of Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pollutant |
title_fullStr | Design, Operation and Optimization of Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pollutant |
title_full_unstemmed | Design, Operation and Optimization of Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pollutant |
title_short | Design, Operation and Optimization of Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pollutant |
title_sort | design, operation and optimization of constructed wetland for removal of pollutant |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7698012/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33187288 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228339 |
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