Cargando…

Persistent Activities of Extracellular Enzymes Adsorbed to Soil Minerals

Adsorption of extracellular enzymes to soil minerals is assumed to protect them against degradation, while modifying their activities at the same time. However, the persistence of the activity of adsorbed enzymes remains poorly understood. Therefore, we studied the persistence of cellulase and α-amy...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Olagoke, Folasade K., Kaiser, Klaus, Mikutta, Robert, Kalbitz, Karsten, Vogel, Cordula
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7698205/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33207836
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111796
_version_ 1783615776573358080
author Olagoke, Folasade K.
Kaiser, Klaus
Mikutta, Robert
Kalbitz, Karsten
Vogel, Cordula
author_facet Olagoke, Folasade K.
Kaiser, Klaus
Mikutta, Robert
Kalbitz, Karsten
Vogel, Cordula
author_sort Olagoke, Folasade K.
collection PubMed
description Adsorption of extracellular enzymes to soil minerals is assumed to protect them against degradation, while modifying their activities at the same time. However, the persistence of the activity of adsorbed enzymes remains poorly understood. Therefore, we studied the persistence of cellulase and α-amylase activities after adsorption to soil amended with various amounts (+1, +5, and +10 wt.%) of three typical soil minerals, montmorillonite, kaolinite, and goethite. Soil without mineral addition (pure soil), pure minerals, and pure dissolved enzymes were used as references. Soil mineral–enzyme complexes were prepared and then incubated for 100 days; temporal changes in enzyme activities were analyzed after 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 days. The specific enzyme activities (activities normalized to protein content) and their persistence (activities relative to activities at day 0) were compared to enzyme activities in solution and after sorption to the control soil. Amylase adsorption to pure minerals increased in the following order: montmorillonite > kaolinite > goethite. That of cellulase increased in the following order: goethite > montmorillonite > kaolinite. Adsorption of enzymes to soils did not increase in the same order of magnitude as the addition of reactive binding sites. Based on inverse relationships between the amount of enzyme adsorbed and the specific enzyme activity and their persistency, we showed that a limited availability of sorption sites is important for high specific activity and persistence of the enzymes. This is probably the consequence of less and weaker bonds, as compared to a high availability of sorption sites, resulting in a smaller impact on the active sites of the enzyme. Hence, we suppose that the soil mineral phase supports microorganisms in less-sorptive environments by saving energy on enzyme production, since small enzyme release could already result in sufficient activities to degrade respective target carbon substrates.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7698205
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-76982052020-11-29 Persistent Activities of Extracellular Enzymes Adsorbed to Soil Minerals Olagoke, Folasade K. Kaiser, Klaus Mikutta, Robert Kalbitz, Karsten Vogel, Cordula Microorganisms Article Adsorption of extracellular enzymes to soil minerals is assumed to protect them against degradation, while modifying their activities at the same time. However, the persistence of the activity of adsorbed enzymes remains poorly understood. Therefore, we studied the persistence of cellulase and α-amylase activities after adsorption to soil amended with various amounts (+1, +5, and +10 wt.%) of three typical soil minerals, montmorillonite, kaolinite, and goethite. Soil without mineral addition (pure soil), pure minerals, and pure dissolved enzymes were used as references. Soil mineral–enzyme complexes were prepared and then incubated for 100 days; temporal changes in enzyme activities were analyzed after 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 days. The specific enzyme activities (activities normalized to protein content) and their persistence (activities relative to activities at day 0) were compared to enzyme activities in solution and after sorption to the control soil. Amylase adsorption to pure minerals increased in the following order: montmorillonite > kaolinite > goethite. That of cellulase increased in the following order: goethite > montmorillonite > kaolinite. Adsorption of enzymes to soils did not increase in the same order of magnitude as the addition of reactive binding sites. Based on inverse relationships between the amount of enzyme adsorbed and the specific enzyme activity and their persistency, we showed that a limited availability of sorption sites is important for high specific activity and persistence of the enzymes. This is probably the consequence of less and weaker bonds, as compared to a high availability of sorption sites, resulting in a smaller impact on the active sites of the enzyme. Hence, we suppose that the soil mineral phase supports microorganisms in less-sorptive environments by saving energy on enzyme production, since small enzyme release could already result in sufficient activities to degrade respective target carbon substrates. MDPI 2020-11-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7698205/ /pubmed/33207836 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111796 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Olagoke, Folasade K.
Kaiser, Klaus
Mikutta, Robert
Kalbitz, Karsten
Vogel, Cordula
Persistent Activities of Extracellular Enzymes Adsorbed to Soil Minerals
title Persistent Activities of Extracellular Enzymes Adsorbed to Soil Minerals
title_full Persistent Activities of Extracellular Enzymes Adsorbed to Soil Minerals
title_fullStr Persistent Activities of Extracellular Enzymes Adsorbed to Soil Minerals
title_full_unstemmed Persistent Activities of Extracellular Enzymes Adsorbed to Soil Minerals
title_short Persistent Activities of Extracellular Enzymes Adsorbed to Soil Minerals
title_sort persistent activities of extracellular enzymes adsorbed to soil minerals
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7698205/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33207836
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111796
work_keys_str_mv AT olagokefolasadek persistentactivitiesofextracellularenzymesadsorbedtosoilminerals
AT kaiserklaus persistentactivitiesofextracellularenzymesadsorbedtosoilminerals
AT mikuttarobert persistentactivitiesofextracellularenzymesadsorbedtosoilminerals
AT kalbitzkarsten persistentactivitiesofextracellularenzymesadsorbedtosoilminerals
AT vogelcordula persistentactivitiesofextracellularenzymesadsorbedtosoilminerals