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Bio-Applications of Multifunctional Melanin Nanoparticles: From Nanomedicine to Nanocosmetics
Bioinspired nanomaterials are ideal components for nanomedicine, by virtue of their expected biocompatibility or even complete lack of toxicity. Natural and artificial melanin-based nanoparticles (MNP), including polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NP), excel for their extraordinary combination of addit...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7698489/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33212974 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112276 |
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author | Mavridi-Printezi, Alexandra Guernelli, Moreno Menichetti, Arianna Montalti, Marco |
author_facet | Mavridi-Printezi, Alexandra Guernelli, Moreno Menichetti, Arianna Montalti, Marco |
author_sort | Mavridi-Printezi, Alexandra |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bioinspired nanomaterials are ideal components for nanomedicine, by virtue of their expected biocompatibility or even complete lack of toxicity. Natural and artificial melanin-based nanoparticles (MNP), including polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NP), excel for their extraordinary combination of additional optical, electronic, chemical, photophysical, and photochemical properties. Thanks to these features, melanin plays an important multifunctional role in the design of new platforms for nanomedicine where this material works not only as a mechanical support or scaffold, but as an active component for imaging, even multimodal, and simple or synergistic therapy. The number of examples of bio-applications of MNP increased dramatically in the last decade. Here, we review the most recent ones, focusing on the multiplicity of functions that melanin performs in theranostics platforms with increasing complexity. For the sake of clarity, we start analyzing briefly the main properties of melanin and its derivative as well as main natural sources and synthetic methods, moving to imaging application from mono-modal (fluorescence, photoacoustic, and magnetic resonance) to multi-modal, and then to mono-therapy (drug delivery, anti-oxidant, photothermal, and photodynamic), and finally to theranostics and synergistic therapies, including gene- and immuno- in combination to photothermal and photodynamic. Nanomedicine aims not only at the treatment of diseases, but also to their prevention, and melanin in nature performs a protective action, in the form of nanopigment, against UV-Vis radiations and oxidants. With these functions being at the border between nanomedicine and cosmetics nanotechnology, recently examples of applications of artificial MNP in cosmetics are increasing, paving the road to the birth of the new science of nanocosmetics. In the last part of this review, we summarize and discuss these important recent results that establish evidence of the interconnection between nanomedicine and cosmetics nanotechnology. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7698489 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76984892020-11-29 Bio-Applications of Multifunctional Melanin Nanoparticles: From Nanomedicine to Nanocosmetics Mavridi-Printezi, Alexandra Guernelli, Moreno Menichetti, Arianna Montalti, Marco Nanomaterials (Basel) Review Bioinspired nanomaterials are ideal components for nanomedicine, by virtue of their expected biocompatibility or even complete lack of toxicity. Natural and artificial melanin-based nanoparticles (MNP), including polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NP), excel for their extraordinary combination of additional optical, electronic, chemical, photophysical, and photochemical properties. Thanks to these features, melanin plays an important multifunctional role in the design of new platforms for nanomedicine where this material works not only as a mechanical support or scaffold, but as an active component for imaging, even multimodal, and simple or synergistic therapy. The number of examples of bio-applications of MNP increased dramatically in the last decade. Here, we review the most recent ones, focusing on the multiplicity of functions that melanin performs in theranostics platforms with increasing complexity. For the sake of clarity, we start analyzing briefly the main properties of melanin and its derivative as well as main natural sources and synthetic methods, moving to imaging application from mono-modal (fluorescence, photoacoustic, and magnetic resonance) to multi-modal, and then to mono-therapy (drug delivery, anti-oxidant, photothermal, and photodynamic), and finally to theranostics and synergistic therapies, including gene- and immuno- in combination to photothermal and photodynamic. Nanomedicine aims not only at the treatment of diseases, but also to their prevention, and melanin in nature performs a protective action, in the form of nanopigment, against UV-Vis radiations and oxidants. With these functions being at the border between nanomedicine and cosmetics nanotechnology, recently examples of applications of artificial MNP in cosmetics are increasing, paving the road to the birth of the new science of nanocosmetics. In the last part of this review, we summarize and discuss these important recent results that establish evidence of the interconnection between nanomedicine and cosmetics nanotechnology. MDPI 2020-11-17 /pmc/articles/PMC7698489/ /pubmed/33212974 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112276 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Mavridi-Printezi, Alexandra Guernelli, Moreno Menichetti, Arianna Montalti, Marco Bio-Applications of Multifunctional Melanin Nanoparticles: From Nanomedicine to Nanocosmetics |
title | Bio-Applications of Multifunctional Melanin Nanoparticles: From Nanomedicine to Nanocosmetics |
title_full | Bio-Applications of Multifunctional Melanin Nanoparticles: From Nanomedicine to Nanocosmetics |
title_fullStr | Bio-Applications of Multifunctional Melanin Nanoparticles: From Nanomedicine to Nanocosmetics |
title_full_unstemmed | Bio-Applications of Multifunctional Melanin Nanoparticles: From Nanomedicine to Nanocosmetics |
title_short | Bio-Applications of Multifunctional Melanin Nanoparticles: From Nanomedicine to Nanocosmetics |
title_sort | bio-applications of multifunctional melanin nanoparticles: from nanomedicine to nanocosmetics |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7698489/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33212974 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112276 |
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