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Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Cardiac Autonomic Responses: A Cross-Sectional Study
It has been suggested that some of the adverse, long-term cardiovascular outcomes of smoking are mediated by impaired autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Yet, this association is currently inconclusive. Heart rate variability (HRV) and the deep breathing test (DBT) represent common quantitative...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7699137/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33227904 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228571 |
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author | Makhoul, Nadeen Avivi, Ishay Barak Lanciano, Sapir Haber Kaptsenel, Ella Bishara, Hana Palacci, Hagar Chaiat, Chen Jacob, Giris Nussinovitch, Udi |
author_facet | Makhoul, Nadeen Avivi, Ishay Barak Lanciano, Sapir Haber Kaptsenel, Ella Bishara, Hana Palacci, Hagar Chaiat, Chen Jacob, Giris Nussinovitch, Udi |
author_sort | Makhoul, Nadeen |
collection | PubMed |
description | It has been suggested that some of the adverse, long-term cardiovascular outcomes of smoking are mediated by impaired autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Yet, this association is currently inconclusive. Heart rate variability (HRV) and the deep breathing test (DBT) represent common quantitative markers of ANS activity due to their simplicity and reliability. This large cross-sectional study was designed to assess the effect of active smoking on ANS function as manifested by HRV or DBT abnormalities. Electrocardiograms were recorded at rest for 5 min and during forced metronomic breathing. HRV and DBT were calculated according to accepted standards. Participants were divided into two groups based on current smoking status. The study included 242 healthy volunteers (196 nonsmokers and 46 smokers). There were no significant differences in age, sex, and BMI between groups. Cumulative smoking exposure burden (CSEB) for the study group was 5.3 ± 1.3 pack-years. Comparative analysis of HRV and DBT parameters according to smoking status revealed no significant differences between groups. Significant (p < 0.05), yet weak or moderate correlations (r < 0.7) were found between CSEB and abnormal change in HRV parameters consistent with sympathetic overactivity and decreased parasympathetic tone. In conclusion, smoking for a relatively short period in healthy adults does not seem to lead to significant impairment in ANS function. Yet, the consequences of smoking seem to be amplified when cumulative exposure burden increases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7699137 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76991372020-11-29 Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Cardiac Autonomic Responses: A Cross-Sectional Study Makhoul, Nadeen Avivi, Ishay Barak Lanciano, Sapir Haber Kaptsenel, Ella Bishara, Hana Palacci, Hagar Chaiat, Chen Jacob, Giris Nussinovitch, Udi Int J Environ Res Public Health Article It has been suggested that some of the adverse, long-term cardiovascular outcomes of smoking are mediated by impaired autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Yet, this association is currently inconclusive. Heart rate variability (HRV) and the deep breathing test (DBT) represent common quantitative markers of ANS activity due to their simplicity and reliability. This large cross-sectional study was designed to assess the effect of active smoking on ANS function as manifested by HRV or DBT abnormalities. Electrocardiograms were recorded at rest for 5 min and during forced metronomic breathing. HRV and DBT were calculated according to accepted standards. Participants were divided into two groups based on current smoking status. The study included 242 healthy volunteers (196 nonsmokers and 46 smokers). There were no significant differences in age, sex, and BMI between groups. Cumulative smoking exposure burden (CSEB) for the study group was 5.3 ± 1.3 pack-years. Comparative analysis of HRV and DBT parameters according to smoking status revealed no significant differences between groups. Significant (p < 0.05), yet weak or moderate correlations (r < 0.7) were found between CSEB and abnormal change in HRV parameters consistent with sympathetic overactivity and decreased parasympathetic tone. In conclusion, smoking for a relatively short period in healthy adults does not seem to lead to significant impairment in ANS function. Yet, the consequences of smoking seem to be amplified when cumulative exposure burden increases. MDPI 2020-11-19 2020-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7699137/ /pubmed/33227904 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228571 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Makhoul, Nadeen Avivi, Ishay Barak Lanciano, Sapir Haber Kaptsenel, Ella Bishara, Hana Palacci, Hagar Chaiat, Chen Jacob, Giris Nussinovitch, Udi Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Cardiac Autonomic Responses: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title | Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Cardiac Autonomic Responses: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_full | Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Cardiac Autonomic Responses: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_fullStr | Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Cardiac Autonomic Responses: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Cardiac Autonomic Responses: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_short | Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Cardiac Autonomic Responses: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_sort | effects of cigarette smoking on cardiac autonomic responses: a cross-sectional study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7699137/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33227904 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228571 |
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