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Contrasting Immunopathogenic and Therapeutic Roles of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Cancer
Tumor cells are particularly adept at exploiting the immunosuppressive potential of neutrophils as a strategy to achieve uncontrolled proliferation and spread. Recruitment of neutrophils, particularly those of an immature phenotype, known as granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, is achieved...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7699711/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33233675 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph13110406 |
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author | Theron, Annette J. Steel, Helen C. Rapoport, Bernardo L. Anderson, Ronald |
author_facet | Theron, Annette J. Steel, Helen C. Rapoport, Bernardo L. Anderson, Ronald |
author_sort | Theron, Annette J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Tumor cells are particularly adept at exploiting the immunosuppressive potential of neutrophils as a strategy to achieve uncontrolled proliferation and spread. Recruitment of neutrophils, particularly those of an immature phenotype, known as granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, is achieved via the production of tumor-derived granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and neutrophil-selective chemokines. This is not the only mechanism by which G-CSF contributes to tumor-mediated immunosuppression. In this context, the G-CSF receptor is expressed on various cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems and is associated with induction of T cell polarization towards the Th2 and regulatory T cell (Treg) phenotypes. In contrast to the potentially adverse effects of sustained, endogenous production of G-CSF by tumor cells, stringently controlled prophylactic administration of recombinant (r) G-CSF is now a widely practiced strategy in medical oncology to prevent, and in some cases treat, chemotherapy-induced severe neutropenia. Following an overview of the synthesis, structure and function of G-CSF and its receptor, the remainder of this review is focused on: (i) effects of G-CSF on the cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems; (ii) mechanisms by which this cytokine promotes tumor progression and invasion; and (iii) current clinical applications and potential risks of the use of rG-CSF in medical oncology. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7699711 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76997112020-11-29 Contrasting Immunopathogenic and Therapeutic Roles of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Cancer Theron, Annette J. Steel, Helen C. Rapoport, Bernardo L. Anderson, Ronald Pharmaceuticals (Basel) Review Tumor cells are particularly adept at exploiting the immunosuppressive potential of neutrophils as a strategy to achieve uncontrolled proliferation and spread. Recruitment of neutrophils, particularly those of an immature phenotype, known as granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, is achieved via the production of tumor-derived granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and neutrophil-selective chemokines. This is not the only mechanism by which G-CSF contributes to tumor-mediated immunosuppression. In this context, the G-CSF receptor is expressed on various cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems and is associated with induction of T cell polarization towards the Th2 and regulatory T cell (Treg) phenotypes. In contrast to the potentially adverse effects of sustained, endogenous production of G-CSF by tumor cells, stringently controlled prophylactic administration of recombinant (r) G-CSF is now a widely practiced strategy in medical oncology to prevent, and in some cases treat, chemotherapy-induced severe neutropenia. Following an overview of the synthesis, structure and function of G-CSF and its receptor, the remainder of this review is focused on: (i) effects of G-CSF on the cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems; (ii) mechanisms by which this cytokine promotes tumor progression and invasion; and (iii) current clinical applications and potential risks of the use of rG-CSF in medical oncology. MDPI 2020-11-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7699711/ /pubmed/33233675 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph13110406 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Theron, Annette J. Steel, Helen C. Rapoport, Bernardo L. Anderson, Ronald Contrasting Immunopathogenic and Therapeutic Roles of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Cancer |
title | Contrasting Immunopathogenic and Therapeutic Roles of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Cancer |
title_full | Contrasting Immunopathogenic and Therapeutic Roles of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Cancer |
title_fullStr | Contrasting Immunopathogenic and Therapeutic Roles of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Contrasting Immunopathogenic and Therapeutic Roles of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Cancer |
title_short | Contrasting Immunopathogenic and Therapeutic Roles of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Cancer |
title_sort | contrasting immunopathogenic and therapeutic roles of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in cancer |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7699711/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33233675 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph13110406 |
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