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Redox Potential of Antioxidants in Cancer Progression and Prevention
The benevolent and detrimental effects of antioxidants are much debated in clinical trials and cancer research. Several antioxidant enzymes and molecules are overexpressed in oxidative stress conditions that can damage cellular proteins, lipids, and DNA. Natural antioxidants remove excess free radic...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7699713/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33233630 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111156 |
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author | George, Sajan Abrahamse, Heidi |
author_facet | George, Sajan Abrahamse, Heidi |
author_sort | George, Sajan |
collection | PubMed |
description | The benevolent and detrimental effects of antioxidants are much debated in clinical trials and cancer research. Several antioxidant enzymes and molecules are overexpressed in oxidative stress conditions that can damage cellular proteins, lipids, and DNA. Natural antioxidants remove excess free radical intermediates by reducing hydrogen donors or quenching singlet oxygen and delaying oxidative reactions in actively growing cancer cells. These reducing agents have the potential to hinder cancer progression only when administered at the right proportions along with chemo-/radiotherapies. Antioxidants and enzymes affect signal transduction and energy metabolism pathways for the maintenance of cellular redox status. A decline in antioxidant capacity arising from genetic mutations may increase the mitochondrial flux of free radicals resulting in misfiring of cellular signalling pathways. Often, a metabolic reprogramming arising from these mutations in metabolic enzymes leads to the overproduction of so called ’oncometabolites’ in a state of ‘pseudohypoxia’. This can inactivate several of the intracellular molecules involved in epigenetic and redox regulations, thereby increasing oxidative stress giving rise to growth advantages for cancerous cells. Undeniably, these are cell-type and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) specific, which is manifested as changes in the enzyme activation, differences in gene expression, cellular functions as well as cell death mechanisms. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using light-activated photosensitizing molecules that can regulate cellular redox balance in accordance with the changes in endogenous ROS production is a solution for many of these challenges in cancer therapy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7699713 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76997132020-11-29 Redox Potential of Antioxidants in Cancer Progression and Prevention George, Sajan Abrahamse, Heidi Antioxidants (Basel) Review The benevolent and detrimental effects of antioxidants are much debated in clinical trials and cancer research. Several antioxidant enzymes and molecules are overexpressed in oxidative stress conditions that can damage cellular proteins, lipids, and DNA. Natural antioxidants remove excess free radical intermediates by reducing hydrogen donors or quenching singlet oxygen and delaying oxidative reactions in actively growing cancer cells. These reducing agents have the potential to hinder cancer progression only when administered at the right proportions along with chemo-/radiotherapies. Antioxidants and enzymes affect signal transduction and energy metabolism pathways for the maintenance of cellular redox status. A decline in antioxidant capacity arising from genetic mutations may increase the mitochondrial flux of free radicals resulting in misfiring of cellular signalling pathways. Often, a metabolic reprogramming arising from these mutations in metabolic enzymes leads to the overproduction of so called ’oncometabolites’ in a state of ‘pseudohypoxia’. This can inactivate several of the intracellular molecules involved in epigenetic and redox regulations, thereby increasing oxidative stress giving rise to growth advantages for cancerous cells. Undeniably, these are cell-type and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) specific, which is manifested as changes in the enzyme activation, differences in gene expression, cellular functions as well as cell death mechanisms. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using light-activated photosensitizing molecules that can regulate cellular redox balance in accordance with the changes in endogenous ROS production is a solution for many of these challenges in cancer therapy. MDPI 2020-11-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7699713/ /pubmed/33233630 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111156 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review George, Sajan Abrahamse, Heidi Redox Potential of Antioxidants in Cancer Progression and Prevention |
title | Redox Potential of Antioxidants in Cancer Progression and Prevention |
title_full | Redox Potential of Antioxidants in Cancer Progression and Prevention |
title_fullStr | Redox Potential of Antioxidants in Cancer Progression and Prevention |
title_full_unstemmed | Redox Potential of Antioxidants in Cancer Progression and Prevention |
title_short | Redox Potential of Antioxidants in Cancer Progression and Prevention |
title_sort | redox potential of antioxidants in cancer progression and prevention |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7699713/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33233630 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111156 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT georgesajan redoxpotentialofantioxidantsincancerprogressionandprevention AT abrahamseheidi redoxpotentialofantioxidantsincancerprogressionandprevention |