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Immune Response to Tick-Borne Hemoparasites: Host Adaptive Immune Response Mechanisms as Potential Targets for Therapies and Vaccines
Tick-transmitted pathogens cause infectious diseases in both humans and animals. Different types of adaptive immune mechanisms could be induced in hosts by these microorganisms, triggered either directly by pathogen antigens or indirectly through soluble factors, such as cytokines and/or chemokines,...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7699928/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33233869 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228813 |
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author | Torina, Alessandra Blanda, Valeria Villari, Sara Piazza, Antonio La Russa, Francesco Grippi, Francesca La Manna, Marco Pio Di Liberto, Diana de la Fuente, José Sireci, Guido |
author_facet | Torina, Alessandra Blanda, Valeria Villari, Sara Piazza, Antonio La Russa, Francesco Grippi, Francesca La Manna, Marco Pio Di Liberto, Diana de la Fuente, José Sireci, Guido |
author_sort | Torina, Alessandra |
collection | PubMed |
description | Tick-transmitted pathogens cause infectious diseases in both humans and animals. Different types of adaptive immune mechanisms could be induced in hosts by these microorganisms, triggered either directly by pathogen antigens or indirectly through soluble factors, such as cytokines and/or chemokines, secreted by host cells as response. Adaptive immunity effectors, such as antibody secretion and cytotoxic and/or T helper cell responses, are mainly involved in the late and long-lasting protective immune response. Proteins and/or epitopes derived from pathogens and tick vectors have been isolated and characterized for the immune response induced in different hosts. This review was focused on the interactions between tick-borne pathogenic hemoparasites and different host effector mechanisms of T- and/or B cell-mediated adaptive immunity, describing the efforts to define immunodominant proteins or epitopes for vaccine development and/or immunotherapeutic purposes. A better understanding of these mechanisms of host immunity could lead to the assessment of possible new immunotherapies for these pathogens as well as to the prediction of possible new candidate vaccine antigens. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7699928 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-76999282020-11-29 Immune Response to Tick-Borne Hemoparasites: Host Adaptive Immune Response Mechanisms as Potential Targets for Therapies and Vaccines Torina, Alessandra Blanda, Valeria Villari, Sara Piazza, Antonio La Russa, Francesco Grippi, Francesca La Manna, Marco Pio Di Liberto, Diana de la Fuente, José Sireci, Guido Int J Mol Sci Review Tick-transmitted pathogens cause infectious diseases in both humans and animals. Different types of adaptive immune mechanisms could be induced in hosts by these microorganisms, triggered either directly by pathogen antigens or indirectly through soluble factors, such as cytokines and/or chemokines, secreted by host cells as response. Adaptive immunity effectors, such as antibody secretion and cytotoxic and/or T helper cell responses, are mainly involved in the late and long-lasting protective immune response. Proteins and/or epitopes derived from pathogens and tick vectors have been isolated and characterized for the immune response induced in different hosts. This review was focused on the interactions between tick-borne pathogenic hemoparasites and different host effector mechanisms of T- and/or B cell-mediated adaptive immunity, describing the efforts to define immunodominant proteins or epitopes for vaccine development and/or immunotherapeutic purposes. A better understanding of these mechanisms of host immunity could lead to the assessment of possible new immunotherapies for these pathogens as well as to the prediction of possible new candidate vaccine antigens. MDPI 2020-11-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7699928/ /pubmed/33233869 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228813 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Torina, Alessandra Blanda, Valeria Villari, Sara Piazza, Antonio La Russa, Francesco Grippi, Francesca La Manna, Marco Pio Di Liberto, Diana de la Fuente, José Sireci, Guido Immune Response to Tick-Borne Hemoparasites: Host Adaptive Immune Response Mechanisms as Potential Targets for Therapies and Vaccines |
title | Immune Response to Tick-Borne Hemoparasites: Host Adaptive Immune Response Mechanisms as Potential Targets for Therapies and Vaccines |
title_full | Immune Response to Tick-Borne Hemoparasites: Host Adaptive Immune Response Mechanisms as Potential Targets for Therapies and Vaccines |
title_fullStr | Immune Response to Tick-Borne Hemoparasites: Host Adaptive Immune Response Mechanisms as Potential Targets for Therapies and Vaccines |
title_full_unstemmed | Immune Response to Tick-Borne Hemoparasites: Host Adaptive Immune Response Mechanisms as Potential Targets for Therapies and Vaccines |
title_short | Immune Response to Tick-Borne Hemoparasites: Host Adaptive Immune Response Mechanisms as Potential Targets for Therapies and Vaccines |
title_sort | immune response to tick-borne hemoparasites: host adaptive immune response mechanisms as potential targets for therapies and vaccines |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7699928/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33233869 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228813 |
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