Amplification of Vitamin D(2) in the White Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) by UV-B Irradiation and Jet-Milling for Its Potential Use as a Functional Ingredient

The objective of this study was to amplify vitamin D(2) in white button mushrooms using ultraviolet (UV-B) irradiation and to prepare a vitamin D(2)-fortified superfine mushroom powder through jet milling. Mushrooms irradiated with UV-B for 30 min had a vitamin D(2) concentration of 8.19 μg/g, an amount about 400 times greater than that of the control (0.02 μg/g). The vitamin D(2)-fortified mushrooms were then freeze-dried and conventionally ground or jet-milled to obtain coarse (Dv(50) = 231 μm), fine (Dv(50) = 106.3 μm), and superfine (Dv(50) = 7.1 μm) powders. The vitamin D(2) content was retained during the preparation of the powders. The physical characteristics were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and hydration properties. The superfine powder of vitamin D(2)-amplified mushrooms was suitable for use as a functional ingredient because its roughness was significantly reduced, and it had a neutral aroma and taste as determined by descriptive analysis.