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Exploring the Role of Caffeine Use in Adult-ADHD Symptom Severity of US Army Soldiers

There is a growing trend of using energy drinks and caffeinated beverages to improve cognitive performance that is widespread and well-studied among children and teenagers with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), but little is known about adult ADHD (A-ADHD). As a consequence, the use of...

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Autores principales: Cipollone, Giada, Gehrman, Philip, Manni, Corrado, Pallucchini, Alessandro, Maremmani, Angelo G. I., Palagini, Laura, Perugi, Giulio, Maremmani, Icro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7700297/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33238642
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113788
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author Cipollone, Giada
Gehrman, Philip
Manni, Corrado
Pallucchini, Alessandro
Maremmani, Angelo G. I.
Palagini, Laura
Perugi, Giulio
Maremmani, Icro
author_facet Cipollone, Giada
Gehrman, Philip
Manni, Corrado
Pallucchini, Alessandro
Maremmani, Angelo G. I.
Palagini, Laura
Perugi, Giulio
Maremmani, Icro
author_sort Cipollone, Giada
collection PubMed
description There is a growing trend of using energy drinks and caffeinated beverages to improve cognitive performance that is widespread and well-studied among children and teenagers with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), but little is known about adult ADHD (A-ADHD). As a consequence, the use of highly caffeinated drinks and their impact on ADHD symptoms are poorly understood. This is especially true in populations where A-ADHD and the use of these beverages are largely represented, such as in military samples. From the All Army Study (AAS) of the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service members (STARRS) data, 1,239 A-ADHD soldiers and 17,674 peers without any psychiatric comorbidity were selected. The two groups were compared on: (1) the presence of substance use disorder (SUD) diagnosis both over their lifetime and in the previous 30 days; (2) patterns of alcohol and caffeine use using chi-square analyses. Lastly, the relationship between substance use and severity of A-ADHD symptoms was assessed using Pearson’s correlations. Soldiers with a diagnosis of A-ADHD had a higher prevalence of SUD diagnosis compared to their peers without psychiatric comorbidity. They also tended to use more alcohol, caffeine pills, energy drinks, and other caffeinated drinks. Alcohol use was positively correlated with A-ADHD symptoms; on the contrary, energy drinks, caffeine pills and other caffeinated drinks showed negative correlations with some aspects of A-ADHD symptomatology. The use of caffeinated compounds appears to be increased among military soldiers with ADHD, and they may help reducing A-ADHD symptoms and improve cognitive performance. These results suggest a possible role for caffeine as a potential pharmacological tool in the treatment of adult ADHD.
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spelling pubmed-77002972020-11-30 Exploring the Role of Caffeine Use in Adult-ADHD Symptom Severity of US Army Soldiers Cipollone, Giada Gehrman, Philip Manni, Corrado Pallucchini, Alessandro Maremmani, Angelo G. I. Palagini, Laura Perugi, Giulio Maremmani, Icro J Clin Med Article There is a growing trend of using energy drinks and caffeinated beverages to improve cognitive performance that is widespread and well-studied among children and teenagers with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), but little is known about adult ADHD (A-ADHD). As a consequence, the use of highly caffeinated drinks and their impact on ADHD symptoms are poorly understood. This is especially true in populations where A-ADHD and the use of these beverages are largely represented, such as in military samples. From the All Army Study (AAS) of the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service members (STARRS) data, 1,239 A-ADHD soldiers and 17,674 peers without any psychiatric comorbidity were selected. The two groups were compared on: (1) the presence of substance use disorder (SUD) diagnosis both over their lifetime and in the previous 30 days; (2) patterns of alcohol and caffeine use using chi-square analyses. Lastly, the relationship between substance use and severity of A-ADHD symptoms was assessed using Pearson’s correlations. Soldiers with a diagnosis of A-ADHD had a higher prevalence of SUD diagnosis compared to their peers without psychiatric comorbidity. They also tended to use more alcohol, caffeine pills, energy drinks, and other caffeinated drinks. Alcohol use was positively correlated with A-ADHD symptoms; on the contrary, energy drinks, caffeine pills and other caffeinated drinks showed negative correlations with some aspects of A-ADHD symptomatology. The use of caffeinated compounds appears to be increased among military soldiers with ADHD, and they may help reducing A-ADHD symptoms and improve cognitive performance. These results suggest a possible role for caffeine as a potential pharmacological tool in the treatment of adult ADHD. MDPI 2020-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC7700297/ /pubmed/33238642 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113788 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Cipollone, Giada
Gehrman, Philip
Manni, Corrado
Pallucchini, Alessandro
Maremmani, Angelo G. I.
Palagini, Laura
Perugi, Giulio
Maremmani, Icro
Exploring the Role of Caffeine Use in Adult-ADHD Symptom Severity of US Army Soldiers
title Exploring the Role of Caffeine Use in Adult-ADHD Symptom Severity of US Army Soldiers
title_full Exploring the Role of Caffeine Use in Adult-ADHD Symptom Severity of US Army Soldiers
title_fullStr Exploring the Role of Caffeine Use in Adult-ADHD Symptom Severity of US Army Soldiers
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the Role of Caffeine Use in Adult-ADHD Symptom Severity of US Army Soldiers
title_short Exploring the Role of Caffeine Use in Adult-ADHD Symptom Severity of US Army Soldiers
title_sort exploring the role of caffeine use in adult-adhd symptom severity of us army soldiers
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7700297/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33238642
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113788
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