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Mitochondria at Work: New Insights into Regulation and Dysregulation of Cellular Energy Supply and Metabolism

Mitochondria are of great relevance to health, and their dysregulation is associated with major chronic diseases. Research on mitochondria—156 brand new publications from 2019 and 2020—have contributed to this review. Mitochondria have been fundamental for the evolution of complex organisms. As impo...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Schirrmacher, Volker
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7700424/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33266387
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8110526
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author Schirrmacher, Volker
author_facet Schirrmacher, Volker
author_sort Schirrmacher, Volker
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description Mitochondria are of great relevance to health, and their dysregulation is associated with major chronic diseases. Research on mitochondria—156 brand new publications from 2019 and 2020—have contributed to this review. Mitochondria have been fundamental for the evolution of complex organisms. As important and semi-autonomous organelles in cells, they can adapt their function to the needs of the respective organ. They can program their function to energy supply (e.g., to keep heart muscle cells going, life-long) or to metabolism (e.g., to support hepatocytes and liver function). The capacity of mitochondria to re-program between different options is important for all cell types that are capable of changing between a resting state and cell proliferation, such as stem cells and immune cells. Major chronic diseases are characterized by mitochondrial dysregulation. This will be exemplified by cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, immune system disorders, and cancer. New strategies for intervention in chronic diseases will be presented. The tumor microenvironment can be considered a battlefield between cancer and immune defense, competing for energy supply and metabolism. Cancer cachexia is considered as a final stage of cancer progression. Nevertheless, the review will present an example of complete remission of cachexia via immune cell transfer. These findings should encourage studies along the lines of mitochondria, energy supply, and metabolism.
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spelling pubmed-77004242020-11-30 Mitochondria at Work: New Insights into Regulation and Dysregulation of Cellular Energy Supply and Metabolism Schirrmacher, Volker Biomedicines Review Mitochondria are of great relevance to health, and their dysregulation is associated with major chronic diseases. Research on mitochondria—156 brand new publications from 2019 and 2020—have contributed to this review. Mitochondria have been fundamental for the evolution of complex organisms. As important and semi-autonomous organelles in cells, they can adapt their function to the needs of the respective organ. They can program their function to energy supply (e.g., to keep heart muscle cells going, life-long) or to metabolism (e.g., to support hepatocytes and liver function). The capacity of mitochondria to re-program between different options is important for all cell types that are capable of changing between a resting state and cell proliferation, such as stem cells and immune cells. Major chronic diseases are characterized by mitochondrial dysregulation. This will be exemplified by cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, immune system disorders, and cancer. New strategies for intervention in chronic diseases will be presented. The tumor microenvironment can be considered a battlefield between cancer and immune defense, competing for energy supply and metabolism. Cancer cachexia is considered as a final stage of cancer progression. Nevertheless, the review will present an example of complete remission of cachexia via immune cell transfer. These findings should encourage studies along the lines of mitochondria, energy supply, and metabolism. MDPI 2020-11-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7700424/ /pubmed/33266387 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8110526 Text en © 2020 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Schirrmacher, Volker
Mitochondria at Work: New Insights into Regulation and Dysregulation of Cellular Energy Supply and Metabolism
title Mitochondria at Work: New Insights into Regulation and Dysregulation of Cellular Energy Supply and Metabolism
title_full Mitochondria at Work: New Insights into Regulation and Dysregulation of Cellular Energy Supply and Metabolism
title_fullStr Mitochondria at Work: New Insights into Regulation and Dysregulation of Cellular Energy Supply and Metabolism
title_full_unstemmed Mitochondria at Work: New Insights into Regulation and Dysregulation of Cellular Energy Supply and Metabolism
title_short Mitochondria at Work: New Insights into Regulation and Dysregulation of Cellular Energy Supply and Metabolism
title_sort mitochondria at work: new insights into regulation and dysregulation of cellular energy supply and metabolism
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7700424/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33266387
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8110526
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