Immittance Studies of Bi(6)Fe(2)Ti(3)O(18) Ceramics

Results of studies focusing on the electric behavior of Bi(6)Fe(2)Ti(3)O(18) (BFTO) ceramics are reported. BFTO ceramics were fabricated by solid state reaction methods. The simple oxides Bi(2)O(3), TiO(2), and Fe(2)O(3) were used as starting materials. Immittance spectroscopy was chosen as a method to characterize electric and dielectric properties of polycrystalline ceramics. The experimental data were measured in the frequency range Δν = (10(−1)–10(7)) Hz and the temperature range ΔT = (−120–200) °C. Analysis of immittance data was performed in terms of complex impedance, electric modulus function, and conductivity. The activation energy corresponding to a non-Debye type of relaxation was found to be E(A) = 0.573 eV, whereas the activation energy of conductivity relaxation frequency was found to be E(A) = 0.570 eV. An assumption of a hopping conductivity mechanism for BFTO ceramics was studied by ‘universal’ Jonscher’s law. A value of the exponents was found to be within the “Jonscher’s range” (0.54 ≤ n ≤ 0.72). The dc-conductivity was extracted from the measurements. Activation energy for dc-conductivity was calculated to be E(DC) = 0.78 eV, whereas the dc hopping activation energy was found to be E(H) = 0.63 eV. The obtained results were discussed in terms of the jump relaxation model.