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Neural Tube Defects and ZIC4 Hypomethylation in Relation to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure
BACKGROUND: Epigenetic dysregulation is one of the postulated underlying mechanisms of neural tube defects (NTDs). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a group of environmental pollutants that are reported as a risk factor of NTDs, may cause decreased genome-wide DNA methylation. With DNA extrac...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7701213/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33304900 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.582661 |
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author | Huang, Yun Lin, Shanshan Wang, Chengrong Pi, Xin Jin, Lei Li, Zhiwen Wang, Linlin Ren, Aiguo |
author_facet | Huang, Yun Lin, Shanshan Wang, Chengrong Pi, Xin Jin, Lei Li, Zhiwen Wang, Linlin Ren, Aiguo |
author_sort | Huang, Yun |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Epigenetic dysregulation is one of the postulated underlying mechanisms of neural tube defects (NTDs). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a group of environmental pollutants that are reported as a risk factor of NTDs, may cause decreased genome-wide DNA methylation. With DNA extracted from neural tissues, this study identified gene(s) whose hypomethylation was related to elevated risk for NTDs and examined whether its hypomethylation is related to PAH exposure. RESULTS: Using data profiled by Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array from 10 NTD cases and eight controls, ZIC4, CASP8, RAB32, RARA, and TRAF6 were identified to be the top five genes in NTD-related hypomethylated gene families. Among all identified genes, ZIC4 had the largest number of differently methylated CpG sites (n = 13) in the promoter region and 5′ UTR. Significantly decreased methylation in the ZIC4 promoter region and 5′ UTR was verified in an independent cohort of 80 cases and 32 controls (p < 0.001) utilizing the Sequenom EpiTYPER platform. Hypomethylation of ZIC4 was associated with a higher risk of NTDs [adjusted OR = 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.13] in a logistic regression model. Mean methylation levels in the promoter region and 5′ UTR of ZIC4 tended to be inversely associated with levels of high-molecular-weight PAHs in fetal liver among NTD fetuses (β [95% CI]: −0.045 [−0.091, 0.001], p = 0.054). Six and three CpG sites in the ZIC4 promoter region and 5′ UTR were inversely correlated with antioxidant indicators and protein oxidation markers (ρ: −0.45 to −0.75, p < 0.05) in fetal neural tissues, respectively. In a whole-embryo cultured mouse model, hypomethylation of the Zic4 promoter region and 5′ UTR and upregulation of Zic4 were observed, coupled with increased NTD rates after BaP exposure. The antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine normalized the changes observed in the BaP exposure group. CONCLUSION: Hypomethylation of the ZIC4 promoter region and 5′ UTR may increase the risk for NTDs; oxidative stress is likely to play a role in the methylation change of Zic4 in response to PAH exposure in NTD formation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7701213 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77012132020-12-09 Neural Tube Defects and ZIC4 Hypomethylation in Relation to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure Huang, Yun Lin, Shanshan Wang, Chengrong Pi, Xin Jin, Lei Li, Zhiwen Wang, Linlin Ren, Aiguo Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology BACKGROUND: Epigenetic dysregulation is one of the postulated underlying mechanisms of neural tube defects (NTDs). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a group of environmental pollutants that are reported as a risk factor of NTDs, may cause decreased genome-wide DNA methylation. With DNA extracted from neural tissues, this study identified gene(s) whose hypomethylation was related to elevated risk for NTDs and examined whether its hypomethylation is related to PAH exposure. RESULTS: Using data profiled by Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array from 10 NTD cases and eight controls, ZIC4, CASP8, RAB32, RARA, and TRAF6 were identified to be the top five genes in NTD-related hypomethylated gene families. Among all identified genes, ZIC4 had the largest number of differently methylated CpG sites (n = 13) in the promoter region and 5′ UTR. Significantly decreased methylation in the ZIC4 promoter region and 5′ UTR was verified in an independent cohort of 80 cases and 32 controls (p < 0.001) utilizing the Sequenom EpiTYPER platform. Hypomethylation of ZIC4 was associated with a higher risk of NTDs [adjusted OR = 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.13] in a logistic regression model. Mean methylation levels in the promoter region and 5′ UTR of ZIC4 tended to be inversely associated with levels of high-molecular-weight PAHs in fetal liver among NTD fetuses (β [95% CI]: −0.045 [−0.091, 0.001], p = 0.054). Six and three CpG sites in the ZIC4 promoter region and 5′ UTR were inversely correlated with antioxidant indicators and protein oxidation markers (ρ: −0.45 to −0.75, p < 0.05) in fetal neural tissues, respectively. In a whole-embryo cultured mouse model, hypomethylation of the Zic4 promoter region and 5′ UTR and upregulation of Zic4 were observed, coupled with increased NTD rates after BaP exposure. The antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine normalized the changes observed in the BaP exposure group. CONCLUSION: Hypomethylation of the ZIC4 promoter region and 5′ UTR may increase the risk for NTDs; oxidative stress is likely to play a role in the methylation change of Zic4 in response to PAH exposure in NTD formation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-11-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7701213/ /pubmed/33304900 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.582661 Text en Copyright © 2020 Huang, Lin, Wang, Pi, Jin, Li, Wang and Ren. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cell and Developmental Biology Huang, Yun Lin, Shanshan Wang, Chengrong Pi, Xin Jin, Lei Li, Zhiwen Wang, Linlin Ren, Aiguo Neural Tube Defects and ZIC4 Hypomethylation in Relation to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure |
title | Neural Tube Defects and ZIC4 Hypomethylation in Relation to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure |
title_full | Neural Tube Defects and ZIC4 Hypomethylation in Relation to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure |
title_fullStr | Neural Tube Defects and ZIC4 Hypomethylation in Relation to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure |
title_full_unstemmed | Neural Tube Defects and ZIC4 Hypomethylation in Relation to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure |
title_short | Neural Tube Defects and ZIC4 Hypomethylation in Relation to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure |
title_sort | neural tube defects and zic4 hypomethylation in relation to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure |
topic | Cell and Developmental Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7701213/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33304900 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.582661 |
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