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TGF‐β signaling in liver metastasis
The presence of liver metastases drastically worsens the prognosis of cancer patients. The liver is the second most prevalent metastatic site in cancer patients, but systemic therapeutic opportunities that target liver metastases are still limited. To aid the discovery of novel treatment options for...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7701955/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33252863 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ctm2.160 |
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author | Marvin, Dieuwke L Heijboer, Rosan ten Dijke, Peter Ritsma, Laila |
author_facet | Marvin, Dieuwke L Heijboer, Rosan ten Dijke, Peter Ritsma, Laila |
author_sort | Marvin, Dieuwke L |
collection | PubMed |
description | The presence of liver metastases drastically worsens the prognosis of cancer patients. The liver is the second most prevalent metastatic site in cancer patients, but systemic therapeutic opportunities that target liver metastases are still limited. To aid the discovery of novel treatment options for metastatic liver disease, we provide insight into the cellular and molecular steps required for liver colonization. For successful colonization in the liver, adaptation of tumor cells and surrounding stroma is essential. This includes the formation of a pre‐metastatic niche, the creation of a fibrotic and immune suppressive environment, angiogenesis, and adaptation of tumor cells. We illustrate that transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) is a central cytokine in all these processes. At last, we devise that future research should focus on TGF‐β inhibitory strategies, especially in combination with immunotherapy. This promising systemic treatment strategy has potential to eliminate distant metastases as the efficacy of immunotherapy will be enhanced. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7701955 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77019552020-12-08 TGF‐β signaling in liver metastasis Marvin, Dieuwke L Heijboer, Rosan ten Dijke, Peter Ritsma, Laila Clin Transl Med Reviews The presence of liver metastases drastically worsens the prognosis of cancer patients. The liver is the second most prevalent metastatic site in cancer patients, but systemic therapeutic opportunities that target liver metastases are still limited. To aid the discovery of novel treatment options for metastatic liver disease, we provide insight into the cellular and molecular steps required for liver colonization. For successful colonization in the liver, adaptation of tumor cells and surrounding stroma is essential. This includes the formation of a pre‐metastatic niche, the creation of a fibrotic and immune suppressive environment, angiogenesis, and adaptation of tumor cells. We illustrate that transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) is a central cytokine in all these processes. At last, we devise that future research should focus on TGF‐β inhibitory strategies, especially in combination with immunotherapy. This promising systemic treatment strategy has potential to eliminate distant metastases as the efficacy of immunotherapy will be enhanced. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020-11-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7701955/ /pubmed/33252863 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ctm2.160 Text en © 2020 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Reviews Marvin, Dieuwke L Heijboer, Rosan ten Dijke, Peter Ritsma, Laila TGF‐β signaling in liver metastasis |
title | TGF‐β signaling in liver metastasis |
title_full | TGF‐β signaling in liver metastasis |
title_fullStr | TGF‐β signaling in liver metastasis |
title_full_unstemmed | TGF‐β signaling in liver metastasis |
title_short | TGF‐β signaling in liver metastasis |
title_sort | tgf‐β signaling in liver metastasis |
topic | Reviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7701955/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33252863 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ctm2.160 |
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