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Anaemia prevalence and determinants in under 5 years children: findings of a cross-sectional population-based study in Sudan

BACKGROUND: Early childhood is an age at risk of anaemia and its deleterious consequences. In Sudan, there is limited evidence on the prevalence and determinant of anaemia in under-five children. This study was conducted in Sudan to assess the prevalence of anaemia in children and to identify its de...

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Autores principales: Elmardi, Khalid Abdelmutalab, Adam, Ishag, Malik, Elfatih Mohamed, Ibrahim, Abdalla Ahmed, Elhassan, Asma Hashim, Kafy, Hmooda Toto, Nawai, Lubna Mohammed, Abdin, Mujahid Sheikhedin, Kremers, Stef
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7702668/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33250057
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02434-w
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author Elmardi, Khalid Abdelmutalab
Adam, Ishag
Malik, Elfatih Mohamed
Ibrahim, Abdalla Ahmed
Elhassan, Asma Hashim
Kafy, Hmooda Toto
Nawai, Lubna Mohammed
Abdin, Mujahid Sheikhedin
Kremers, Stef
author_facet Elmardi, Khalid Abdelmutalab
Adam, Ishag
Malik, Elfatih Mohamed
Ibrahim, Abdalla Ahmed
Elhassan, Asma Hashim
Kafy, Hmooda Toto
Nawai, Lubna Mohammed
Abdin, Mujahid Sheikhedin
Kremers, Stef
author_sort Elmardi, Khalid Abdelmutalab
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Early childhood is an age at risk of anaemia and its deleterious consequences. In Sudan, there is limited evidence on the prevalence and determinant of anaemia in under-five children. This study was conducted in Sudan to assess the prevalence of anaemia in children and to identify its determinants. METHODS: We conducted a household survey involving children aged 6 months to 5 years in November 2016. A representative population was sampled across rural, urban and camps settlements across 18 states in Sudan. We used a pre-designed questionnaire data collection. Haemoglobin (Hb) level and malaria infection were checked. In this cross-sectional study, we dichotomized the outcome variable and performed logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 3094 children under 5 years enrolled in the study, 1566 (50.6%) of them were female and 690 (22.3%) of them were under 2 years old. Anaemia prevalence in the whole cohort (6 months - < 5 years) was 49.4% and the mean haemoglobin concentration was 108.1 (standard deviation (SD): 15.4) g/L. The prevalence in younger (6 months - < 2 years) children (61.9%) was higher than in older (2 - < 5 years) children (45.6%) (p < 0.001). Severe anaemia (Hb < 70 g/L) prevalence in the whole population was 1.6%. Age (Odds ratio (OR) 2.25, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.75–2.90, p < 0.001), type of place of residence (OR 0.37, 95%CI 0.18–0.74, p = 0.005), maternal anaemia (OR 1.74, 95%CI 1.39–2.17, p < 0.001), and malaria infection (OR 2.82, 95%CI 1.56–5.11, p < 0.001) were the identified predictors of anaemia in the whole cohort. In younger children, only the economic class was an anaemia predictor, with a lower anaemia risk among the rich wealth class (OR 2.70, 95%CI 1.29–5.62, p = 0.008). However, in older children, three anaemia predictors were identified. These are maternal anaemia (OR 1.79, 95%CI 1.40–2.28, < 0.001), malaria infection (OR 2.77, 95%CI 1.48–5.21, p = 0.002), and type of residency (where camps’ residents were less likely affected with anaemia than rural children (OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.17–0.87, p = 0.022)). CONCLUSIONS: About half of the under-5 children in Sudan are anaemic, with worse prevalence in younger children. Efforts targeted at improving socio-economic status, decreasing maternal anaemia and childhood malaria infection may mitigate this alarming trend. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-020-02434-w.
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spelling pubmed-77026682020-12-01 Anaemia prevalence and determinants in under 5 years children: findings of a cross-sectional population-based study in Sudan Elmardi, Khalid Abdelmutalab Adam, Ishag Malik, Elfatih Mohamed Ibrahim, Abdalla Ahmed Elhassan, Asma Hashim Kafy, Hmooda Toto Nawai, Lubna Mohammed Abdin, Mujahid Sheikhedin Kremers, Stef BMC Pediatr Research Article BACKGROUND: Early childhood is an age at risk of anaemia and its deleterious consequences. In Sudan, there is limited evidence on the prevalence and determinant of anaemia in under-five children. This study was conducted in Sudan to assess the prevalence of anaemia in children and to identify its determinants. METHODS: We conducted a household survey involving children aged 6 months to 5 years in November 2016. A representative population was sampled across rural, urban and camps settlements across 18 states in Sudan. We used a pre-designed questionnaire data collection. Haemoglobin (Hb) level and malaria infection were checked. In this cross-sectional study, we dichotomized the outcome variable and performed logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 3094 children under 5 years enrolled in the study, 1566 (50.6%) of them were female and 690 (22.3%) of them were under 2 years old. Anaemia prevalence in the whole cohort (6 months - < 5 years) was 49.4% and the mean haemoglobin concentration was 108.1 (standard deviation (SD): 15.4) g/L. The prevalence in younger (6 months - < 2 years) children (61.9%) was higher than in older (2 - < 5 years) children (45.6%) (p < 0.001). Severe anaemia (Hb < 70 g/L) prevalence in the whole population was 1.6%. Age (Odds ratio (OR) 2.25, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.75–2.90, p < 0.001), type of place of residence (OR 0.37, 95%CI 0.18–0.74, p = 0.005), maternal anaemia (OR 1.74, 95%CI 1.39–2.17, p < 0.001), and malaria infection (OR 2.82, 95%CI 1.56–5.11, p < 0.001) were the identified predictors of anaemia in the whole cohort. In younger children, only the economic class was an anaemia predictor, with a lower anaemia risk among the rich wealth class (OR 2.70, 95%CI 1.29–5.62, p = 0.008). However, in older children, three anaemia predictors were identified. These are maternal anaemia (OR 1.79, 95%CI 1.40–2.28, < 0.001), malaria infection (OR 2.77, 95%CI 1.48–5.21, p = 0.002), and type of residency (where camps’ residents were less likely affected with anaemia than rural children (OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.17–0.87, p = 0.022)). CONCLUSIONS: About half of the under-5 children in Sudan are anaemic, with worse prevalence in younger children. Efforts targeted at improving socio-economic status, decreasing maternal anaemia and childhood malaria infection may mitigate this alarming trend. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-020-02434-w. BioMed Central 2020-11-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7702668/ /pubmed/33250057 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02434-w Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Elmardi, Khalid Abdelmutalab
Adam, Ishag
Malik, Elfatih Mohamed
Ibrahim, Abdalla Ahmed
Elhassan, Asma Hashim
Kafy, Hmooda Toto
Nawai, Lubna Mohammed
Abdin, Mujahid Sheikhedin
Kremers, Stef
Anaemia prevalence and determinants in under 5 years children: findings of a cross-sectional population-based study in Sudan
title Anaemia prevalence and determinants in under 5 years children: findings of a cross-sectional population-based study in Sudan
title_full Anaemia prevalence and determinants in under 5 years children: findings of a cross-sectional population-based study in Sudan
title_fullStr Anaemia prevalence and determinants in under 5 years children: findings of a cross-sectional population-based study in Sudan
title_full_unstemmed Anaemia prevalence and determinants in under 5 years children: findings of a cross-sectional population-based study in Sudan
title_short Anaemia prevalence and determinants in under 5 years children: findings of a cross-sectional population-based study in Sudan
title_sort anaemia prevalence and determinants in under 5 years children: findings of a cross-sectional population-based study in sudan
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7702668/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33250057
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02434-w
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