The Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Objectives Mood disorders are common in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), though the interactions are not well-understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between anxiety and depression with OSA. Methods Patients who presented to the sleep center underwent polysomnography (PSG). Records were included if the sleep study showed OSA (Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) ≥5 events/hour). All patients completed an Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A score of 8 or higher on the respective portion of the HADS was abnormal. Results A total of 45 records were included, with 28 scoring positive for anxiety and 29 positive for depression. Patients with anxiety had lower AHI (median (interquartile ratio)) than those without (21.4 (9.6-41.3) vs. 50.5 (25.1-94.3); p=0.0076). The peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) nadir (80 (74-84)% vs. 65 (57-76)%; p=0.0007) and time with SpO(2) <90% (11 (6-12) minutes vs. 36 (13-68) minutes; p=0.0002) were less abnormal in patients with anxiety. The anxiety score on the HADS weakly correlated with AHI (r = -0.29). Patients with depression were not significantly different than those without depression in AHI, SpO(2) nadir, and time with SpO(2) <90%. Conclusions Symptoms of anxiety and depression are both prevalent in patients with OSA. There is an inverse relationship between OSA severity and the presence of anxiety, suggesting that comorbid anxiety may prompt sleep evaluation in less severe disease. Depression symptoms did not demonstrate a similar relationship with OSA severity.