Giant aneurysm of the bilateral vertebrobasilar junction treated by pipeline and coils: A case report and literature review

Giant aneurysm of the posterior circulation is associated with a higher risk of rupture compared with that of the anterior circulation. Furthermore, surgical clipping and interventional embolization for giant aneurysm of the posterior circulation are more difficult and complex to perform. The present study reported on the case of a 26-year-old female who exhibited a giant spherical aneurysm of the vertebrobasilar junction (VBJ) with a maximum diameter of ~35 mm that caused cervical discomfort. In addition, the patient experienced symptoms including left-sided walking and hoarseness caused by the compression of the brainstem and the posterior cranial nerves. The risks associated with performing surgery in this area are high and the prognosis is mainly poor. The patient of the present study was treated using the Pipeline Flex device with coil embolization. As a giant aneurysm of the VBJ simultaneously affects the bilateral vertebral arteries (VAs) and basilar artery, it is a unique condition and the treatment strategy must be personalized. Based on an analysis of the hemodynamic influence on the aneurysm in the present case, the Pipeline was placed through the left VA, the coils were packed through the right VA, and finally, the right VA was proximally occluded. At 7 months after embolization, the patient's modified Rankin scale score was 1 point. Upon analysis of the hemodynamic influence on the aneurysm of the VBJ, the VA with the larger shear force on the wall of the aneurysm was selected for occlusion to simplify the treatment of the aneurysm and to maximize the probability to achieve recovery.