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Subtle olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in children()

OBJECTIVES: Anosmia/hyposomia have been described as early signs of COVID-19 infection in adults, including young asymptomatic patients who commonly refer olfactory disfunction as their only clinical manifestation. Very few studies involving paediatric age patients have been published until now. Thi...

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Autores principales: Concheiro-Guisan, Ana, Fiel-Ozores, Antía, Novoa-Carballal, Reyes, González-Duran, María Luisa, Portugués de la Red, Mar, Martínez-Reglero, Cristina, Fernández-Pinilla, Isabel, González-Guijarro, Isabel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier B.V. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7706415/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33307419
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110539
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author Concheiro-Guisan, Ana
Fiel-Ozores, Antía
Novoa-Carballal, Reyes
González-Duran, María Luisa
Portugués de la Red, Mar
Martínez-Reglero, Cristina
Fernández-Pinilla, Isabel
González-Guijarro, Isabel
author_facet Concheiro-Guisan, Ana
Fiel-Ozores, Antía
Novoa-Carballal, Reyes
González-Duran, María Luisa
Portugués de la Red, Mar
Martínez-Reglero, Cristina
Fernández-Pinilla, Isabel
González-Guijarro, Isabel
author_sort Concheiro-Guisan, Ana
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: Anosmia/hyposomia have been described as early signs of COVID-19 infection in adults, including young asymptomatic patients who commonly refer olfactory disfunction as their only clinical manifestation. Very few studies involving paediatric age patients have been published until now. This study aims to determine the presence of olfactory dysfunction in children with COVID-19 infection through the use of a self-reported questionnaire and a new olfactory screening tool. METHODS: Nested case-control study. All paediatric patients screened by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for COVID-19 infection, during the study period (March–May 2020), were asked to respond to a questionnaire about symptoms of olfactory disfunction. Patients above six years old also performed an odor identification test based on seven odorants (Kradeo®). This test was designed based on our cultural context and eating habits. RESULTS: 126 patients were recruited, including 33 with COVID-19 infection. 15% of the infected children referred anosmia and/or dysgeusia on the questionnaire, all of them were older than eleven years. The results of the odor test (69 patients) revealed subtle disturbances in the infected group (mostly misrecognition of odorants). Median odorant recognition was 3 odors [Interquartile range (IQR) 2–4] in case group and 4 [IQR 3–5] in controls. Male patients showed significantly larger disturbances than girls in both groups (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Self-referred prevalence of olfactory disfunction in our sample of infected children is lower than that described in adults, especially among the youngest ones, maybe due to immature development of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors expressed in nasal mucosa. Nevertheless, one month after infection, subtle disturbances (misrecognition of odors) were identified among the infected children. This screening olfactory test provides a hygienic, user-friendly tool, suitable for screening children older than six years of age.
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spelling pubmed-77064152020-12-01 Subtle olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in children() Concheiro-Guisan, Ana Fiel-Ozores, Antía Novoa-Carballal, Reyes González-Duran, María Luisa Portugués de la Red, Mar Martínez-Reglero, Cristina Fernández-Pinilla, Isabel González-Guijarro, Isabel Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol Article OBJECTIVES: Anosmia/hyposomia have been described as early signs of COVID-19 infection in adults, including young asymptomatic patients who commonly refer olfactory disfunction as their only clinical manifestation. Very few studies involving paediatric age patients have been published until now. This study aims to determine the presence of olfactory dysfunction in children with COVID-19 infection through the use of a self-reported questionnaire and a new olfactory screening tool. METHODS: Nested case-control study. All paediatric patients screened by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for COVID-19 infection, during the study period (March–May 2020), were asked to respond to a questionnaire about symptoms of olfactory disfunction. Patients above six years old also performed an odor identification test based on seven odorants (Kradeo®). This test was designed based on our cultural context and eating habits. RESULTS: 126 patients were recruited, including 33 with COVID-19 infection. 15% of the infected children referred anosmia and/or dysgeusia on the questionnaire, all of them were older than eleven years. The results of the odor test (69 patients) revealed subtle disturbances in the infected group (mostly misrecognition of odorants). Median odorant recognition was 3 odors [Interquartile range (IQR) 2–4] in case group and 4 [IQR 3–5] in controls. Male patients showed significantly larger disturbances than girls in both groups (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Self-referred prevalence of olfactory disfunction in our sample of infected children is lower than that described in adults, especially among the youngest ones, maybe due to immature development of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors expressed in nasal mucosa. Nevertheless, one month after infection, subtle disturbances (misrecognition of odors) were identified among the infected children. This screening olfactory test provides a hygienic, user-friendly tool, suitable for screening children older than six years of age. Elsevier B.V. 2021-01 2020-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7706415/ /pubmed/33307419 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110539 Text en © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Concheiro-Guisan, Ana
Fiel-Ozores, Antía
Novoa-Carballal, Reyes
González-Duran, María Luisa
Portugués de la Red, Mar
Martínez-Reglero, Cristina
Fernández-Pinilla, Isabel
González-Guijarro, Isabel
Subtle olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in children()
title Subtle olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in children()
title_full Subtle olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in children()
title_fullStr Subtle olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in children()
title_full_unstemmed Subtle olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in children()
title_short Subtle olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in children()
title_sort subtle olfactory dysfunction after sars-cov-2 virus infection in children()
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7706415/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33307419
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110539
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