Application of a New Type of Natural Calcined Bone Repair Material Combined with Concentrated Growth Factors in Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Critical-Sized Calvarial Defect

PURPOSE: This study is aimed at investigating bone regeneration in critical-sized defects in rabbit calvarium using a novel nano- (n-) hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffold with concentrated growth factors (CGFs). METHODS: Twenty-four male adult rabbits were chosen to establish a critical-sized bone defect model and randomly divided into two groups. Two defects of 15 mm diameter each were created in the parietal bone of each animal. Group A had n-hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffold placed in the experimental defect on the right, and the left defect was unfilled as blank. Group B had hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffold mixed with CGF placed in the right defect and CGF on the left. Six animals in each group were sacrificed after 6 and 12 weeks. Cone-beam computed tomography system scanning and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were used to detect osteogenesis within the defects. RESULTS: The treatment with n-hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffold along with CGF resulted in a significantly higher amount of new bone at 6 and 12 weeks compared to the treatment with CGF alone and the controls. No apparent inflammation and foreign body reaction were observed through HE staining. CONCLUSIONS: The new synthesized n-hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffold and CGF can be applied for bone defect regeneration to promote the process to a certain extent.