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Complement and Cancer—A Dysfunctional Relationship?
Although it was long believed that the complement system helps the body to identify and remove transformed cells, it is now clear that complement activation contributes to carcinogenesis and can also help tumors to escape immune-elimination. Complement is activated by several different mechanisms in...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7709115/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33167384 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antib9040061 |
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author | Thurman, Joshua M. Laskowski, Jennifer Nemenoff, Raphael A. |
author_facet | Thurman, Joshua M. Laskowski, Jennifer Nemenoff, Raphael A. |
author_sort | Thurman, Joshua M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Although it was long believed that the complement system helps the body to identify and remove transformed cells, it is now clear that complement activation contributes to carcinogenesis and can also help tumors to escape immune-elimination. Complement is activated by several different mechanisms in various types of cancer, and complement activation fragments have multiple different downstream effects on cancer cells and throughout the tumor microenvironment. Thus, the role of complement activation in tumor biology may vary among different types of cancer and over time within a single tumor. In multiple different pre-clinical models, however, complement activation has been shown to recruit immunosuppressive myeloid cells into the tumor microenvironment. These cells, in turn, suppress anti-tumor T cell immunity, enabling the tumor to grow. Based on extensive pre-clinical work, therapeutic complement inhibitors hold great promise as a new class of immunotherapy. A greater understanding of the role of complement in tumor biology will improve our ability to identify those patients most likely to benefit from this treatment and to rationally combine complement inhibitors with other cancer therapies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7709115 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77091152020-12-03 Complement and Cancer—A Dysfunctional Relationship? Thurman, Joshua M. Laskowski, Jennifer Nemenoff, Raphael A. Antibodies (Basel) Review Although it was long believed that the complement system helps the body to identify and remove transformed cells, it is now clear that complement activation contributes to carcinogenesis and can also help tumors to escape immune-elimination. Complement is activated by several different mechanisms in various types of cancer, and complement activation fragments have multiple different downstream effects on cancer cells and throughout the tumor microenvironment. Thus, the role of complement activation in tumor biology may vary among different types of cancer and over time within a single tumor. In multiple different pre-clinical models, however, complement activation has been shown to recruit immunosuppressive myeloid cells into the tumor microenvironment. These cells, in turn, suppress anti-tumor T cell immunity, enabling the tumor to grow. Based on extensive pre-clinical work, therapeutic complement inhibitors hold great promise as a new class of immunotherapy. A greater understanding of the role of complement in tumor biology will improve our ability to identify those patients most likely to benefit from this treatment and to rationally combine complement inhibitors with other cancer therapies. MDPI 2020-11-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7709115/ /pubmed/33167384 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antib9040061 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Thurman, Joshua M. Laskowski, Jennifer Nemenoff, Raphael A. Complement and Cancer—A Dysfunctional Relationship? |
title | Complement and Cancer—A Dysfunctional Relationship? |
title_full | Complement and Cancer—A Dysfunctional Relationship? |
title_fullStr | Complement and Cancer—A Dysfunctional Relationship? |
title_full_unstemmed | Complement and Cancer—A Dysfunctional Relationship? |
title_short | Complement and Cancer—A Dysfunctional Relationship? |
title_sort | complement and cancer—a dysfunctional relationship? |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7709115/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33167384 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antib9040061 |
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