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Current Understanding of Central Nervous System Drainage Systems: Implications in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Until recently, it was thought that there were no lymphatic vessels in the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, all metabolic processes were assumed to take place only in the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and through the blood-brain barrier’s (BBB), which regulate ion transport an...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Bentham Science Publishers
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7709156/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31729299 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X17666191113103850 |
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author | Nikolenko, Vladimir N. Oganesyan, Marine V. Vovkogon, Angela D. Nikitina, Arina T. Sozonova, Ekaterina A. Kudryashova, Valentina A. Rizaeva, Negoria A. Cabezas, Ricardo Avila-Rodriguez, Marco Neganova, Margarita E. Mikhaleva, Liudmila M. Bachurin, Sergey O. Somasundaram, Siva G. Kirkland, Cecil E. Tarasov, Vadim V. Aliev, Gjumrakch |
author_facet | Nikolenko, Vladimir N. Oganesyan, Marine V. Vovkogon, Angela D. Nikitina, Arina T. Sozonova, Ekaterina A. Kudryashova, Valentina A. Rizaeva, Negoria A. Cabezas, Ricardo Avila-Rodriguez, Marco Neganova, Margarita E. Mikhaleva, Liudmila M. Bachurin, Sergey O. Somasundaram, Siva G. Kirkland, Cecil E. Tarasov, Vadim V. Aliev, Gjumrakch |
author_sort | Nikolenko, Vladimir N. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Until recently, it was thought that there were no lymphatic vessels in the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, all metabolic processes were assumed to take place only in the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and through the blood-brain barrier’s (BBB), which regulate ion transport and ensure the functioning of the CNS. However, recent findings yield a new perspective: There is an exchange of CSF with interstitial fluid (ISF), which is drained to the paravenous space and reaches lymphatic nodes at the end. This circulation is known as the glymphatic system. The glymphatic system is an extensive network of meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLV) in the basal area of the skull that provides another path for waste products from CNS to reach the bloodstream. MLV develop postnatally, initially appearing around the foramina in the basal part of the skull and the spinal cord, thereafter sprouting along the skull’s blood vessels and spinal nerves in various areas of the meninges. VEGF-C protein (vascular endothelial growth factor), expressed mainly by vascular smooth cells, plays an important role in the development of the MLV. The regenerative potential and plasticity of MLV and the novel discoveries related to CNS drainage offer potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, hydrocephalus, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer disease (AD). Herein, we present an overview of the structure and function of the glymphatic system and MLV, and their potential involvement in the pathology and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7709156 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Bentham Science Publishers |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77091562021-05-01 Current Understanding of Central Nervous System Drainage Systems: Implications in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases Nikolenko, Vladimir N. Oganesyan, Marine V. Vovkogon, Angela D. Nikitina, Arina T. Sozonova, Ekaterina A. Kudryashova, Valentina A. Rizaeva, Negoria A. Cabezas, Ricardo Avila-Rodriguez, Marco Neganova, Margarita E. Mikhaleva, Liudmila M. Bachurin, Sergey O. Somasundaram, Siva G. Kirkland, Cecil E. Tarasov, Vadim V. Aliev, Gjumrakch Curr Neuropharmacol Article Until recently, it was thought that there were no lymphatic vessels in the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, all metabolic processes were assumed to take place only in the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and through the blood-brain barrier’s (BBB), which regulate ion transport and ensure the functioning of the CNS. However, recent findings yield a new perspective: There is an exchange of CSF with interstitial fluid (ISF), which is drained to the paravenous space and reaches lymphatic nodes at the end. This circulation is known as the glymphatic system. The glymphatic system is an extensive network of meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLV) in the basal area of the skull that provides another path for waste products from CNS to reach the bloodstream. MLV develop postnatally, initially appearing around the foramina in the basal part of the skull and the spinal cord, thereafter sprouting along the skull’s blood vessels and spinal nerves in various areas of the meninges. VEGF-C protein (vascular endothelial growth factor), expressed mainly by vascular smooth cells, plays an important role in the development of the MLV. The regenerative potential and plasticity of MLV and the novel discoveries related to CNS drainage offer potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, hydrocephalus, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer disease (AD). Herein, we present an overview of the structure and function of the glymphatic system and MLV, and their potential involvement in the pathology and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Bentham Science Publishers 2020-11 2020-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7709156/ /pubmed/31729299 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X17666191113103850 Text en © 2020 Bentham Science Publishers https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Article Nikolenko, Vladimir N. Oganesyan, Marine V. Vovkogon, Angela D. Nikitina, Arina T. Sozonova, Ekaterina A. Kudryashova, Valentina A. Rizaeva, Negoria A. Cabezas, Ricardo Avila-Rodriguez, Marco Neganova, Margarita E. Mikhaleva, Liudmila M. Bachurin, Sergey O. Somasundaram, Siva G. Kirkland, Cecil E. Tarasov, Vadim V. Aliev, Gjumrakch Current Understanding of Central Nervous System Drainage Systems: Implications in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases |
title | Current Understanding of Central Nervous System Drainage Systems: Implications in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases |
title_full | Current Understanding of Central Nervous System Drainage Systems: Implications in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases |
title_fullStr | Current Understanding of Central Nervous System Drainage Systems: Implications in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases |
title_full_unstemmed | Current Understanding of Central Nervous System Drainage Systems: Implications in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases |
title_short | Current Understanding of Central Nervous System Drainage Systems: Implications in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases |
title_sort | current understanding of central nervous system drainage systems: implications in the context of neurodegenerative diseases |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7709156/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31729299 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X17666191113103850 |
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