Cryptosporidium and Giardia prevalence amongst lemurs, humans, domestic animals and black rats in Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar

Few studies have measured the prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp. and Giardia sp. infections in Madagascar. This project provides baseline data of these pathogens in humans and other mammals in Tsinjoarivo. Fecal samples were collected May–July 2014 from lemurs (Propithecus diadema and Hapalemur griseus), humans, domestic animals (cattle, pigs and dogs), and black rats (Rattus rattus). Samples were analyzed utilizing immunofluorescence assay. No lemurs were positive for either parasite. Cryptosporidium sp. was found in humans (10%), cattle (20%), pigs (20%), dogs (15%) and rats (38%), and Giardia sp. was found in humans (10%), pigs (40%), dogs (29%) and rats (53%). Coinfections were noted in humans (6%), pigs (20%), dogs (15%) and rats (33%). All human subjects reported daily contact with domestic animals and rats, and all infected humans were ≤13 years old. Human population growth and increasing human-wildlife encounters make it critical to understand the potential for zoonotic pathogen transmission.