Burkitt lymphoma of the maxilla in a HIV positive male – Presentation and review of diagnostic laboratory tests

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive, B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that is rare outside Africa. We report a case of HIV-associated BL originating in the right maxillary sinus in a 31-year-old Hispanic male living in Washington, USA. We also highlight the diagnostic challenges in arriving at the diagnosis when the patient initially presented with a painless right facial swelling. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are critical because BL is one of the fastest-growing tumors. Treatment involves brief duration of high intensity chemotherapy and central nervous system prophylaxis. It is important for oral and maxillofacial surgeons to recognize this disease and understand the necessary steps to treat this aggressive tumor.