Effects of the adiponectin mimetic compound ALY688 on glucose and fat metabolism in visceral and subcutaneous rat adipocytes

Adiponectin regulates white adipose tissue (WAT) metabolism and promotes insulin-sensitizing and anti-atherosclerotic effects in vivo. In this context, small molecule adiponectin receptor agonists have become of great therapeutic value for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Here, we investigated the effects of the adiponectin mimetic compound ALY688 on WAT metabolism. To accomplish this, rat epididymal (Epid) and subcutaneous inguinal (Sc Ing) adipocytes were isolated and incubated with ALY688. Subsequently, several parameters of glucose and fat metabolism were assessed. ALY688 promoted AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation, enhanced glucose oxidation, and suppressed fat oxidation in adipocytes from both fat depots. ALY688 did not affect basal and insulin-stimulated rates of glucose uptake, glucose incorporation into lipids, and AKT(Ser473) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylations in either Epid or Sc Ing adipocytes. ALY688 did not alter basal lipolysis in Epid and Sc Ing adipocytes, but it enhanced isoproterenol-induced lipolysis in Epid adipocytes. Adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) mRNA was the prevalent isoform expressed in all adipocytes, and Epid adipocytes displayed significantly higher AdipoR2 mRNA expression than Sc Ing adipocytes. In conclusion, ALY688 can regulate adiposity and affect glycaemic control by altering substrate portioning in the WAT in a fat depot-specific manner.