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Robust valence-induced biases on motor response and confidence in human reinforcement learning

In simple instrumental-learning tasks, humans learn to seek gains and to avoid losses equally well. Yet, two effects of valence are observed. First, decisions in loss-contexts are slower. Second, loss contexts decrease individuals’ confidence in their choices. Whether these two effects are two manif...

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Autores principales: Ting, Chih-Chung, Palminteri, Stefano, Engelmann, Jan B., Lebreton, Maël
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7716860/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32875531
http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13415-020-00826-0
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author Ting, Chih-Chung
Palminteri, Stefano
Engelmann, Jan B.
Lebreton, Maël
author_facet Ting, Chih-Chung
Palminteri, Stefano
Engelmann, Jan B.
Lebreton, Maël
author_sort Ting, Chih-Chung
collection PubMed
description In simple instrumental-learning tasks, humans learn to seek gains and to avoid losses equally well. Yet, two effects of valence are observed. First, decisions in loss-contexts are slower. Second, loss contexts decrease individuals’ confidence in their choices. Whether these two effects are two manifestations of a single mechanism or whether they can be partially dissociated is unknown. Across six experiments, we attempted to disrupt the valence-induced motor bias effects by manipulating the mapping between decisions and actions and imposing constraints on response times (RTs). Our goal was to assess the presence of the valence-induced confidence bias in the absence of the RT bias. We observed both motor and confidence biases despite our disruption attempts, establishing that the effects of valence on motor and metacognitive responses are very robust and replicable. Nonetheless, within- and between-individual inferences reveal that the confidence bias resists the disruption of the RT bias. Therefore, although concomitant in most cases, valence-induced motor and confidence biases seem to be partly dissociable. These results highlight new important mechanistic constraints that should be incorporated in learning models to jointly explain choice, reaction times and confidence. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.3758/s13415-020-00826-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-77168602020-12-04 Robust valence-induced biases on motor response and confidence in human reinforcement learning Ting, Chih-Chung Palminteri, Stefano Engelmann, Jan B. Lebreton, Maël Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci Article In simple instrumental-learning tasks, humans learn to seek gains and to avoid losses equally well. Yet, two effects of valence are observed. First, decisions in loss-contexts are slower. Second, loss contexts decrease individuals’ confidence in their choices. Whether these two effects are two manifestations of a single mechanism or whether they can be partially dissociated is unknown. Across six experiments, we attempted to disrupt the valence-induced motor bias effects by manipulating the mapping between decisions and actions and imposing constraints on response times (RTs). Our goal was to assess the presence of the valence-induced confidence bias in the absence of the RT bias. We observed both motor and confidence biases despite our disruption attempts, establishing that the effects of valence on motor and metacognitive responses are very robust and replicable. Nonetheless, within- and between-individual inferences reveal that the confidence bias resists the disruption of the RT bias. Therefore, although concomitant in most cases, valence-induced motor and confidence biases seem to be partly dissociable. These results highlight new important mechanistic constraints that should be incorporated in learning models to jointly explain choice, reaction times and confidence. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.3758/s13415-020-00826-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer US 2020-09-01 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC7716860/ /pubmed/32875531 http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13415-020-00826-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Ting, Chih-Chung
Palminteri, Stefano
Engelmann, Jan B.
Lebreton, Maël
Robust valence-induced biases on motor response and confidence in human reinforcement learning
title Robust valence-induced biases on motor response and confidence in human reinforcement learning
title_full Robust valence-induced biases on motor response and confidence in human reinforcement learning
title_fullStr Robust valence-induced biases on motor response and confidence in human reinforcement learning
title_full_unstemmed Robust valence-induced biases on motor response and confidence in human reinforcement learning
title_short Robust valence-induced biases on motor response and confidence in human reinforcement learning
title_sort robust valence-induced biases on motor response and confidence in human reinforcement learning
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7716860/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32875531
http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13415-020-00826-0
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