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Retinal microvasculature dysfunction is associated with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

BACKGROUND: The retina and brain share many neuronal and vasculature characteristics. We investigated the retinal microvasculature in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 24 AD part...

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Autores principales: Chua, Jacqueline, Hu, Qinglan, Ke, Mengyuan, Tan, Bingyao, Hong, Jimmy, Yao, Xinwen, Hilal, Saima, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Garhöfer, Gerhard, Cheung, Carol Y., Wong, Tien Yin, Chen, Christopher Li-Hsian, Schmetterer, Leopold
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7718666/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33276820
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13195-020-00724-0
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author Chua, Jacqueline
Hu, Qinglan
Ke, Mengyuan
Tan, Bingyao
Hong, Jimmy
Yao, Xinwen
Hilal, Saima
Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy
Garhöfer, Gerhard
Cheung, Carol Y.
Wong, Tien Yin
Chen, Christopher Li-Hsian
Schmetterer, Leopold
author_facet Chua, Jacqueline
Hu, Qinglan
Ke, Mengyuan
Tan, Bingyao
Hong, Jimmy
Yao, Xinwen
Hilal, Saima
Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy
Garhöfer, Gerhard
Cheung, Carol Y.
Wong, Tien Yin
Chen, Christopher Li-Hsian
Schmetterer, Leopold
author_sort Chua, Jacqueline
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The retina and brain share many neuronal and vasculature characteristics. We investigated the retinal microvasculature in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 24 AD participants, 37 MCI participants, and 29 controls were diagnosed according to internationally accepted criteria. OCTA images of the superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP, DCP) of the retinal microvasculature were obtained using a commercial OCTA system (Zeiss Cirrus HD-5000 with AngioPlex, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). The main outcome measures were vessel density (VD) and fractal dimension (FD) in the SCP and DCP within a 2.5-mm ring around the fovea which were compared between groups. Perfusion density of large vessels and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area were additional outcome parameters. RESULTS: Age, gender, and race did not differ among groups. However, there was a significant difference in diabetes status (P = 0.039) and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.008) among the groups. After adjusting for confounders, AD participants showed significantly decreased VD in SCP and DCP (P = 0.006 and P = 0.015, respectively) and decreased FD in SCP (P = 0.006), compared to controls. MCI participants showed significantly decreased VD and FD only in SCP (P = 0.006 and P < 0.001, respectively) and not the DCP (P > 0.05) compared with controls. There was no difference in the OCTA variables between AD and MCI (P > 0.05). Perfusion density of large vessels and FAZ area did not differ significantly between groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Eyes of patients with AD have significantly reduced macular VD in both plexuses whereas MCI participants only showed reduction in the superficial plexus. Changes in the retinal microvasculature and capillary network may offer a valuable insight on the brain in AD. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-020-00724-0.
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spelling pubmed-77186662020-12-07 Retinal microvasculature dysfunction is associated with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment Chua, Jacqueline Hu, Qinglan Ke, Mengyuan Tan, Bingyao Hong, Jimmy Yao, Xinwen Hilal, Saima Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy Garhöfer, Gerhard Cheung, Carol Y. Wong, Tien Yin Chen, Christopher Li-Hsian Schmetterer, Leopold Alzheimers Res Ther Research BACKGROUND: The retina and brain share many neuronal and vasculature characteristics. We investigated the retinal microvasculature in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 24 AD participants, 37 MCI participants, and 29 controls were diagnosed according to internationally accepted criteria. OCTA images of the superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP, DCP) of the retinal microvasculature were obtained using a commercial OCTA system (Zeiss Cirrus HD-5000 with AngioPlex, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). The main outcome measures were vessel density (VD) and fractal dimension (FD) in the SCP and DCP within a 2.5-mm ring around the fovea which were compared between groups. Perfusion density of large vessels and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area were additional outcome parameters. RESULTS: Age, gender, and race did not differ among groups. However, there was a significant difference in diabetes status (P = 0.039) and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.008) among the groups. After adjusting for confounders, AD participants showed significantly decreased VD in SCP and DCP (P = 0.006 and P = 0.015, respectively) and decreased FD in SCP (P = 0.006), compared to controls. MCI participants showed significantly decreased VD and FD only in SCP (P = 0.006 and P < 0.001, respectively) and not the DCP (P > 0.05) compared with controls. There was no difference in the OCTA variables between AD and MCI (P > 0.05). Perfusion density of large vessels and FAZ area did not differ significantly between groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Eyes of patients with AD have significantly reduced macular VD in both plexuses whereas MCI participants only showed reduction in the superficial plexus. Changes in the retinal microvasculature and capillary network may offer a valuable insight on the brain in AD. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-020-00724-0. BioMed Central 2020-12-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7718666/ /pubmed/33276820 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13195-020-00724-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Chua, Jacqueline
Hu, Qinglan
Ke, Mengyuan
Tan, Bingyao
Hong, Jimmy
Yao, Xinwen
Hilal, Saima
Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy
Garhöfer, Gerhard
Cheung, Carol Y.
Wong, Tien Yin
Chen, Christopher Li-Hsian
Schmetterer, Leopold
Retinal microvasculature dysfunction is associated with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment
title Retinal microvasculature dysfunction is associated with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment
title_full Retinal microvasculature dysfunction is associated with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment
title_fullStr Retinal microvasculature dysfunction is associated with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment
title_full_unstemmed Retinal microvasculature dysfunction is associated with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment
title_short Retinal microvasculature dysfunction is associated with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment
title_sort retinal microvasculature dysfunction is associated with alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7718666/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33276820
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13195-020-00724-0
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