Factors Associated With Adherence to Self-Managed Aphasia Therapy Practice on a Computer—A Mixed Methods Study Alongside a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Aphasia is a communication disorder often acquired after a stroke. Independent use of specialist aphasia software on a home computer is a form of asynchronous tele-rehabilitation that can provide increased opportunity for practice of rehabilitation exercises. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with adherence to self-managed aphasia computer therapy practice. Method: A mixed methods exploration of adherence was conducted alongside the Big CACTUS randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN: 68798818]. The trial evaluated the clinical effectiveness of self-managed aphasia computer therapy. This study reports secondary analysis of data from participants randomized to the computer therapy group to investigate whether any demographic, clinical or intervention variables were associated with adherence to therapy practice. A sub-sample of the same participants took part in qualitative interviews exploring the factors perceived to influence the amount of aphasia computer therapy practice undertaken. Interviews were analyzed thematically. A convergence-coding matrix was used to triangulate the two sets of findings. Results: Data from 85 participants randomized to the computer therapy group were included in the quantitative analyses. At a clinical level, a greater length of time post-stroke was associated with higher adherence to self-managed aphasia therapy practice on a computer. At an intervention level, length of computer therapy access and therapist time supporting the participant were associated with greater adherence to computer therapy practice. Interviews with 11 patients and 12 informal carers identified a multitude of factors perceived to influence engagement with tele-rehabilitation by people with aphasia. The factors grouped around three themes: capability to use the computer therapy, having the opportunity to practice (external influences and technological issues) and motivation (beliefs, goals and intentions vs. personality, emotions, habit and reinforcement). Triangulation demonstrated convergence for the finding that participants' practiced computer-based therapy exercises more when they received increased support from a speech and language therapist. Conclusion: Clinicians delivering asynchronous tele-rehabilitation involving self-management of aphasia therapy practice on a computer should consider the factors found to be associated with engagement when deciding which patients may be suited to this option, as well as how they can be supported to optimize the amount of practice they engage in.