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Synergistic Interactions of Schizostatin Identified from Schizophyllum commune with Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides

Botrytis cinerea, which causes gray mold disease in more than 200 plant species, is an economically important pathogen that is mainly controlled by synthetic fungicides. Synergistic fungicide mixtures can help reduce fungicide residues in the environment and mitigate the development of fungicide-res...

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Autores principales: Park, Min Young, Jeon, Byeong Jun, Kang, Ji Eun, Kim, Beom Seok
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7721537/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33312093
http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.07.2020.0141
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author Park, Min Young
Jeon, Byeong Jun
Kang, Ji Eun
Kim, Beom Seok
author_facet Park, Min Young
Jeon, Byeong Jun
Kang, Ji Eun
Kim, Beom Seok
author_sort Park, Min Young
collection PubMed
description Botrytis cinerea, which causes gray mold disease in more than 200 plant species, is an economically important pathogen that is mainly controlled by synthetic fungicides. Synergistic fungicide mixtures can help reduce fungicide residues in the environment and mitigate the development of fungicide-resistant strains. In this study, we screened microbial culture extracts on Botrytis cinerea to identify an antifungal synergist for tebuconazole. Among the 4,006 microbial extracts screened in this study, the culture extract from Schizophyllum commune displayed the most enhanced activity with a sub-lethal dosage of tebuconazole, and the active ingredient was identified as schizostatin. In combination with 5 μg/ml tebuconazole, schizostatin (1 μg/ml) showed disease control efficacy against gray mold on tomato leaf similar to that achieved with 20 μg/ml tebuconazole treatment alone. Interestingly, schizostatin showed demethylation inhibitor (DMI)-specific synergistic interactions in the crossed-paper strip assay using commercial fungicides. In a checkerboard assay with schizostatin and DMIs, the fractional inhibitory concentration values were 0.0938-0.375. To assess the molecular mechanisms underlying this synergism, the transcription levels of the ergosterol biosynthetic genes were observed in response to DMIs, schizostatin, and their mixtures. Treatment with DMIs increased the erg11 (the target gene of DMI fungicides) expression level 15.4-56.6-fold. However, treatment with a mixture of schizostatin and DMIs evidently reverted erg11 transcription levels to the pre-DMI treatment levels. These results show the potential of schizostatin as a natural antifungal synergist that can reduce the dose of DMIs applied in the field without compromising the disease control efficacy of the fungicides
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spelling pubmed-77215372020-12-11 Synergistic Interactions of Schizostatin Identified from Schizophyllum commune with Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides Park, Min Young Jeon, Byeong Jun Kang, Ji Eun Kim, Beom Seok Plant Pathol J Research Article Botrytis cinerea, which causes gray mold disease in more than 200 plant species, is an economically important pathogen that is mainly controlled by synthetic fungicides. Synergistic fungicide mixtures can help reduce fungicide residues in the environment and mitigate the development of fungicide-resistant strains. In this study, we screened microbial culture extracts on Botrytis cinerea to identify an antifungal synergist for tebuconazole. Among the 4,006 microbial extracts screened in this study, the culture extract from Schizophyllum commune displayed the most enhanced activity with a sub-lethal dosage of tebuconazole, and the active ingredient was identified as schizostatin. In combination with 5 μg/ml tebuconazole, schizostatin (1 μg/ml) showed disease control efficacy against gray mold on tomato leaf similar to that achieved with 20 μg/ml tebuconazole treatment alone. Interestingly, schizostatin showed demethylation inhibitor (DMI)-specific synergistic interactions in the crossed-paper strip assay using commercial fungicides. In a checkerboard assay with schizostatin and DMIs, the fractional inhibitory concentration values were 0.0938-0.375. To assess the molecular mechanisms underlying this synergism, the transcription levels of the ergosterol biosynthetic genes were observed in response to DMIs, schizostatin, and their mixtures. Treatment with DMIs increased the erg11 (the target gene of DMI fungicides) expression level 15.4-56.6-fold. However, treatment with a mixture of schizostatin and DMIs evidently reverted erg11 transcription levels to the pre-DMI treatment levels. These results show the potential of schizostatin as a natural antifungal synergist that can reduce the dose of DMIs applied in the field without compromising the disease control efficacy of the fungicides Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2020-12-01 2020-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7721537/ /pubmed/33312093 http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.07.2020.0141 Text en © The Korean Society of Plant Pathology This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Park, Min Young
Jeon, Byeong Jun
Kang, Ji Eun
Kim, Beom Seok
Synergistic Interactions of Schizostatin Identified from Schizophyllum commune with Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides
title Synergistic Interactions of Schizostatin Identified from Schizophyllum commune with Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides
title_full Synergistic Interactions of Schizostatin Identified from Schizophyllum commune with Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides
title_fullStr Synergistic Interactions of Schizostatin Identified from Schizophyllum commune with Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides
title_full_unstemmed Synergistic Interactions of Schizostatin Identified from Schizophyllum commune with Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides
title_short Synergistic Interactions of Schizostatin Identified from Schizophyllum commune with Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides
title_sort synergistic interactions of schizostatin identified from schizophyllum commune with demethylation inhibitor fungicides
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7721537/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33312093
http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.07.2020.0141
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