Osteosyntheseverfahren bei Thoraxwandinstabilität

OBJECTIVE: Surgical stabilization of patients with flail chest, dislocated serial rib and sternal fractures, posttraumatic deformities of the thorax, symptomatic non-unions of the ribs and/or sternum, and weaning failure to biomechanically stabilize the thorax and avoid respirator-dependent complications. INDICATIONS: Combination of clinically and radiologically observed parameters, such as pattern of thoracic injuries, grade of fracture dislocation, pathological changes to breathing biomechanics, and failure of nonsurgical treatment. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Acute hemodynamical instability and signs of systemic infection. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Detailed preoperative planning. Open, minimally invasive reduction and osteosynthesis using precontoured, low-profile locking plates and/or intramedullary splints. Careful reduction drilling/implantation of screws due to proximity of the pleura, lungs and pericardium. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Weaning from respirator as early as possible and early therapy of pneumothorax perioperatively. Removal of implants usually not necessary. RESULTS: In a retrospective study, 15 polytraumatized patients with flail chest benefitted from an early interdisciplinary surgical treatment strategy within 24–48 h. Early osteosynthesis after severe thoracic trauma significantly reduced ventilator dependency and lowered the risk of pneumonia compared to patients who underwent surgery at a later time point. Patients with severe thoracic injury and life-threatening polytrauma, who meet the indication criteria for open reduction and surgical stabilization of the thorax, are in need of a throughly planned and interdisciplinary synchronized priorization and strategy. Longer intensive care unit stay, overall prolonged duration of admission in hospital, and higher level of respirator-associated complication should be expected in patients with life-threatening severe thoracic trauma (Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) ≥ 3) compared to patients without thoracic trauma.