Latissimus Dorsi-lumbar Artery Perforator Chimeric Flap with Intra-flap Crossover Anastomosis for Breast Reconstruction

Latissimus dorsi (LD) flaps are widely used in breast reconstruction for their ease of use and minimal sacrifice of the donor site. Various strategies to increase flap volume have been suggested, but tissue volume is often insufficient for patients with little subcutaneous fat. While lumbar artery perforator (LAP) flaps are advantageous for thin patients because they allow for the addition of a large amount of fat, the vascular pedicle is short and vascular grafts are often required. To address these shortcomings, we propose here a LD-LAP chimeric flap. Specifically, the LD flap and LAP flap are elevated as one piece, and the 6th or 7th intercostal artery perforators and lumbar artery perforators, which are harvested together with the flap, are connected via intra-flap crossover anastomosis. Anastomosis for both intercostal artery perforators and lumbar artery perforators was performed about 1 cm away from the flap. Indocyanine green angiography performed after anastomosis showed improved blood flow to the LAP flap portion of the chimeric flap. The chimeric flap was used in 4 patients, with a mean flap volume of 460 ml (range, 300–690 ml) and mean duration of 439 minutes (393–484 minutes) for reconstruction surgery. During the mean follow-up period of 29.5 months (range, 16–40 months), sufficient tissue volume was obtained and none of the patients developed flap necrosis. Although our method requires vascular anastomosis and may extend operative time, it substantially increases LD flap volume and thus is likely to be an effective auxiliary component to breast reconstruction using LD flaps.