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Differential effects of antiseptic mouth rinses on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in vitro
SARS-CoV-2 is detectable in saliva from asymptomatic individuals, suggesting a potential benefit from the use of mouth rinses to suppress viral load and reduce virus spread. Published studies on reduction of SARS-CoV-2-induced cytotoxic effects by antiseptics do not exclude antiseptic-associated cyt...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7724656/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33299988 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.01.405662 |
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author | Xu, Chuan Wang, Annie Hoskin, Eileen R. Cugini, Carla Markowitz, Kenneth Chang, Theresa L. Fine, Daniel H. |
author_facet | Xu, Chuan Wang, Annie Hoskin, Eileen R. Cugini, Carla Markowitz, Kenneth Chang, Theresa L. Fine, Daniel H. |
author_sort | Xu, Chuan |
collection | PubMed |
description | SARS-CoV-2 is detectable in saliva from asymptomatic individuals, suggesting a potential benefit from the use of mouth rinses to suppress viral load and reduce virus spread. Published studies on reduction of SARS-CoV-2-induced cytotoxic effects by antiseptics do not exclude antiseptic-associated cytotoxicity. Here, we determined the effect of commercially available mouth rinses and antiseptic povidone-iodine on the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 virus and of a non-pathogenic, recombinant, SARS-CoV-2 infection vector (pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus). We first determined the effect of mouth rinses on cell viability to ensure that antiviral activity was not a consequence of mouth rinse-induced cytotoxicity. Colgate Peroxyl (hydrogen peroxide) exhibited the most cytotoxicity, followed by povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), and Listerine (essential oils and alcohol). Potent anti-viral activities of povidone iodine and Colgate peroxyl mouth rinses was the consequence of rinse-mediated cellular damage. The potency of CHG was greater when the product was not washed off after virus attachment, suggesting that the prolonged effect of mouth rinses on cells impacts anti-viral activity. To minimalize mouth rinse-associated cytotoxicity, mouth rinse was largely removed from treated-viruses by centrifugation prior to infection of cells. A 5% (v/v) dilution of Colgate Peroxyl or povidone-iodine completely blocked viral infectivity. A similar 5% (v/v) dilution of Listerine or CHG had a moderate suppressive effect on the virus, but a 50% (v/v) dilution of Listerine or CHG blocked viral infectivity completely. Prolonged incubation of virus with mouth rinses was not required for viral inactivation. Our results indicate that mouth rinses can significantly reduce virus infectivity, suggesting a potential benefit for reducing SARS-CoV-2 spread. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7724656 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77246562020-12-10 Differential effects of antiseptic mouth rinses on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in vitro Xu, Chuan Wang, Annie Hoskin, Eileen R. Cugini, Carla Markowitz, Kenneth Chang, Theresa L. Fine, Daniel H. bioRxiv Article SARS-CoV-2 is detectable in saliva from asymptomatic individuals, suggesting a potential benefit from the use of mouth rinses to suppress viral load and reduce virus spread. Published studies on reduction of SARS-CoV-2-induced cytotoxic effects by antiseptics do not exclude antiseptic-associated cytotoxicity. Here, we determined the effect of commercially available mouth rinses and antiseptic povidone-iodine on the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 virus and of a non-pathogenic, recombinant, SARS-CoV-2 infection vector (pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus). We first determined the effect of mouth rinses on cell viability to ensure that antiviral activity was not a consequence of mouth rinse-induced cytotoxicity. Colgate Peroxyl (hydrogen peroxide) exhibited the most cytotoxicity, followed by povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), and Listerine (essential oils and alcohol). Potent anti-viral activities of povidone iodine and Colgate peroxyl mouth rinses was the consequence of rinse-mediated cellular damage. The potency of CHG was greater when the product was not washed off after virus attachment, suggesting that the prolonged effect of mouth rinses on cells impacts anti-viral activity. To minimalize mouth rinse-associated cytotoxicity, mouth rinse was largely removed from treated-viruses by centrifugation prior to infection of cells. A 5% (v/v) dilution of Colgate Peroxyl or povidone-iodine completely blocked viral infectivity. A similar 5% (v/v) dilution of Listerine or CHG had a moderate suppressive effect on the virus, but a 50% (v/v) dilution of Listerine or CHG blocked viral infectivity completely. Prolonged incubation of virus with mouth rinses was not required for viral inactivation. Our results indicate that mouth rinses can significantly reduce virus infectivity, suggesting a potential benefit for reducing SARS-CoV-2 spread. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 2020-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7724656/ /pubmed/33299988 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.01.405662 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , which allows reusers to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form only, for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator. |
spellingShingle | Article Xu, Chuan Wang, Annie Hoskin, Eileen R. Cugini, Carla Markowitz, Kenneth Chang, Theresa L. Fine, Daniel H. Differential effects of antiseptic mouth rinses on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in vitro |
title | Differential effects of antiseptic mouth rinses on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in vitro |
title_full | Differential effects of antiseptic mouth rinses on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in vitro |
title_fullStr | Differential effects of antiseptic mouth rinses on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in vitro |
title_full_unstemmed | Differential effects of antiseptic mouth rinses on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in vitro |
title_short | Differential effects of antiseptic mouth rinses on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in vitro |
title_sort | differential effects of antiseptic mouth rinses on sars-cov-2 infectivity in vitro |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7724656/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33299988 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.01.405662 |
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