A Rare Association Between Prostate Cancer and Polycythemia Vera

The association of polycythemia vera (PV) and localized prostate cancer is uncommon. PV is one of the myeloproliferative neoplasms that is characterized by an increased red cell mass and uncontrolled formation of blood cells owing to an acquired mutation in Janus kinase-2. PV has numerous complications and could raise the hazard of other tumors. Here, we report an extremely rare association of localized prostate cancer in a 62-year-old male with PV. He was treated by CyberKnife surgery and completed four doses of goserelin and radiotherapy, his follow up Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) four months after completion of treatment showed no recurrence, and the PV was treated with hydroxyurea 500 mg twice per day and repeated phlebotomies, when needed, to keep his hematocrit level under 45%.