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COVID-19—Zoonosis or Emerging Infectious Disease?

The World Health Organization defines a zoonosis as any infection naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans. The pandemic of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been classified as a zoonotic disease, however, no animal reservoir has yet been found, so this classif...

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Autores principales: Haider, Najmul, Rothman-Ostrow, Peregrine, Osman, Abdinasir Yusuf, Arruda, Liã Bárbara, Macfarlane-Berry, Laura, Elton, Linzy, Thomason, Margaret J., Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy, Ansumana, Rashid, Kapata, Nathan, Mboera, Leonard, Rushton, Jonathan, McHugh, Timothy D., Heymann, David L., Zumla, Alimuddin, Kock, Richard A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7725765/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33324602
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.596944
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author Haider, Najmul
Rothman-Ostrow, Peregrine
Osman, Abdinasir Yusuf
Arruda, Liã Bárbara
Macfarlane-Berry, Laura
Elton, Linzy
Thomason, Margaret J.
Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy
Ansumana, Rashid
Kapata, Nathan
Mboera, Leonard
Rushton, Jonathan
McHugh, Timothy D.
Heymann, David L.
Zumla, Alimuddin
Kock, Richard A.
author_facet Haider, Najmul
Rothman-Ostrow, Peregrine
Osman, Abdinasir Yusuf
Arruda, Liã Bárbara
Macfarlane-Berry, Laura
Elton, Linzy
Thomason, Margaret J.
Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy
Ansumana, Rashid
Kapata, Nathan
Mboera, Leonard
Rushton, Jonathan
McHugh, Timothy D.
Heymann, David L.
Zumla, Alimuddin
Kock, Richard A.
author_sort Haider, Najmul
collection PubMed
description The World Health Organization defines a zoonosis as any infection naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans. The pandemic of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been classified as a zoonotic disease, however, no animal reservoir has yet been found, so this classification is premature. We propose that COVID-19 should instead be classified an “emerging infectious disease (EID) of probable animal origin.” To explore if COVID-19 infection fits our proposed re-categorization vs. the contemporary definitions of zoonoses, we reviewed current evidence of infection origin and transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 virus and described this in the context of known zoonoses, EIDs and “spill-over” events. Although the initial one hundred COVID-19 patients were presumably exposed to the virus at a seafood Market in China, and despite the fact that 33 of 585 swab samples collected from surfaces and cages in the market tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, no virus was isolated directly from animals and no animal reservoir was detected. Elsewhere, SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in animals including domesticated cats, dogs, and ferrets, as well as captive-managed mink, lions, tigers, deer, and mice confirming zooanthroponosis. Other than circumstantial evidence of zoonotic cases in mink farms in the Netherlands, no cases of natural transmission from wild or domesticated animals have been confirmed. More than 40 million human COVID-19 infections reported appear to be exclusively through human-human transmission. SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 do not meet the WHO definition of zoonoses. We suggest SARS-CoV-2 should be re-classified as an EID of probable animal origin.
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spelling pubmed-77257652020-12-14 COVID-19—Zoonosis or Emerging Infectious Disease? Haider, Najmul Rothman-Ostrow, Peregrine Osman, Abdinasir Yusuf Arruda, Liã Bárbara Macfarlane-Berry, Laura Elton, Linzy Thomason, Margaret J. Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy Ansumana, Rashid Kapata, Nathan Mboera, Leonard Rushton, Jonathan McHugh, Timothy D. Heymann, David L. Zumla, Alimuddin Kock, Richard A. Front Public Health Public Health The World Health Organization defines a zoonosis as any infection naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans. The pandemic of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been classified as a zoonotic disease, however, no animal reservoir has yet been found, so this classification is premature. We propose that COVID-19 should instead be classified an “emerging infectious disease (EID) of probable animal origin.” To explore if COVID-19 infection fits our proposed re-categorization vs. the contemporary definitions of zoonoses, we reviewed current evidence of infection origin and transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 virus and described this in the context of known zoonoses, EIDs and “spill-over” events. Although the initial one hundred COVID-19 patients were presumably exposed to the virus at a seafood Market in China, and despite the fact that 33 of 585 swab samples collected from surfaces and cages in the market tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, no virus was isolated directly from animals and no animal reservoir was detected. Elsewhere, SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in animals including domesticated cats, dogs, and ferrets, as well as captive-managed mink, lions, tigers, deer, and mice confirming zooanthroponosis. Other than circumstantial evidence of zoonotic cases in mink farms in the Netherlands, no cases of natural transmission from wild or domesticated animals have been confirmed. More than 40 million human COVID-19 infections reported appear to be exclusively through human-human transmission. SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 do not meet the WHO definition of zoonoses. We suggest SARS-CoV-2 should be re-classified as an EID of probable animal origin. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-11-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7725765/ /pubmed/33324602 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.596944 Text en Copyright © 2020 Haider, Rothman-Ostrow, Osman, Arruda, Macfarlane-Berry, Elton, Thomason, Yeboah-Manu, Ansumana, Kapata, Mboera, Rushton, McHugh, Heymann, Zumla and Kock. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Public Health
Haider, Najmul
Rothman-Ostrow, Peregrine
Osman, Abdinasir Yusuf
Arruda, Liã Bárbara
Macfarlane-Berry, Laura
Elton, Linzy
Thomason, Margaret J.
Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy
Ansumana, Rashid
Kapata, Nathan
Mboera, Leonard
Rushton, Jonathan
McHugh, Timothy D.
Heymann, David L.
Zumla, Alimuddin
Kock, Richard A.
COVID-19—Zoonosis or Emerging Infectious Disease?
title COVID-19—Zoonosis or Emerging Infectious Disease?
title_full COVID-19—Zoonosis or Emerging Infectious Disease?
title_fullStr COVID-19—Zoonosis or Emerging Infectious Disease?
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19—Zoonosis or Emerging Infectious Disease?
title_short COVID-19—Zoonosis or Emerging Infectious Disease?
title_sort covid-19—zoonosis or emerging infectious disease?
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7725765/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33324602
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.596944
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