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Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants

Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. S is majorly absorbed as sulfate from soil, and is then translocated to plastids in leaves, where it is assimilated into organic products. Cysteine (Cys) is the first organic product generated from S, and it is used as a prec...

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Autores principales: Li, Qian, Gao, Yan, Yang, An
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7727837/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33255536
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21238926
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author Li, Qian
Gao, Yan
Yang, An
author_facet Li, Qian
Gao, Yan
Yang, An
author_sort Li, Qian
collection PubMed
description Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. S is majorly absorbed as sulfate from soil, and is then translocated to plastids in leaves, where it is assimilated into organic products. Cysteine (Cys) is the first organic product generated from S, and it is used as a precursor to synthesize many S-containing metabolites with important biological functions, such as glutathione (GSH) and methionine (Met). The reduction of sulfate takes place in a two-step reaction involving a variety of enzymes. Sulfate transporters (SULTRs) are responsible for the absorption of SO(4)(2−) from the soil and the transport of SO(4)(2−) in plants. There are 12–16 members in the S transporter family, which is divided into five categories based on coding sequence homology and biochemical functions. When exposed to S deficiency, plants will alter a series of morphological and physiological processes. Adaptive strategies, including cis-acting elements, transcription factors, non-coding microRNAs, and phytohormones, have evolved in plants to respond to S deficiency. In addition, there is crosstalk between S and other nutrients in plants. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying S homeostasis in plants.
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spelling pubmed-77278372020-12-11 Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants Li, Qian Gao, Yan Yang, An Int J Mol Sci Review Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. S is majorly absorbed as sulfate from soil, and is then translocated to plastids in leaves, where it is assimilated into organic products. Cysteine (Cys) is the first organic product generated from S, and it is used as a precursor to synthesize many S-containing metabolites with important biological functions, such as glutathione (GSH) and methionine (Met). The reduction of sulfate takes place in a two-step reaction involving a variety of enzymes. Sulfate transporters (SULTRs) are responsible for the absorption of SO(4)(2−) from the soil and the transport of SO(4)(2−) in plants. There are 12–16 members in the S transporter family, which is divided into five categories based on coding sequence homology and biochemical functions. When exposed to S deficiency, plants will alter a series of morphological and physiological processes. Adaptive strategies, including cis-acting elements, transcription factors, non-coding microRNAs, and phytohormones, have evolved in plants to respond to S deficiency. In addition, there is crosstalk between S and other nutrients in plants. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying S homeostasis in plants. MDPI 2020-11-25 /pmc/articles/PMC7727837/ /pubmed/33255536 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21238926 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Li, Qian
Gao, Yan
Yang, An
Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants
title Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants
title_full Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants
title_fullStr Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants
title_full_unstemmed Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants
title_short Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants
title_sort sulfur homeostasis in plants
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7727837/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33255536
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21238926
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