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Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants
Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. S is majorly absorbed as sulfate from soil, and is then translocated to plastids in leaves, where it is assimilated into organic products. Cysteine (Cys) is the first organic product generated from S, and it is used as a prec...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7727837/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33255536 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21238926 |
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author | Li, Qian Gao, Yan Yang, An |
author_facet | Li, Qian Gao, Yan Yang, An |
author_sort | Li, Qian |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. S is majorly absorbed as sulfate from soil, and is then translocated to plastids in leaves, where it is assimilated into organic products. Cysteine (Cys) is the first organic product generated from S, and it is used as a precursor to synthesize many S-containing metabolites with important biological functions, such as glutathione (GSH) and methionine (Met). The reduction of sulfate takes place in a two-step reaction involving a variety of enzymes. Sulfate transporters (SULTRs) are responsible for the absorption of SO(4)(2−) from the soil and the transport of SO(4)(2−) in plants. There are 12–16 members in the S transporter family, which is divided into five categories based on coding sequence homology and biochemical functions. When exposed to S deficiency, plants will alter a series of morphological and physiological processes. Adaptive strategies, including cis-acting elements, transcription factors, non-coding microRNAs, and phytohormones, have evolved in plants to respond to S deficiency. In addition, there is crosstalk between S and other nutrients in plants. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying S homeostasis in plants. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7727837 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77278372020-12-11 Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants Li, Qian Gao, Yan Yang, An Int J Mol Sci Review Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. S is majorly absorbed as sulfate from soil, and is then translocated to plastids in leaves, where it is assimilated into organic products. Cysteine (Cys) is the first organic product generated from S, and it is used as a precursor to synthesize many S-containing metabolites with important biological functions, such as glutathione (GSH) and methionine (Met). The reduction of sulfate takes place in a two-step reaction involving a variety of enzymes. Sulfate transporters (SULTRs) are responsible for the absorption of SO(4)(2−) from the soil and the transport of SO(4)(2−) in plants. There are 12–16 members in the S transporter family, which is divided into five categories based on coding sequence homology and biochemical functions. When exposed to S deficiency, plants will alter a series of morphological and physiological processes. Adaptive strategies, including cis-acting elements, transcription factors, non-coding microRNAs, and phytohormones, have evolved in plants to respond to S deficiency. In addition, there is crosstalk between S and other nutrients in plants. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying S homeostasis in plants. MDPI 2020-11-25 /pmc/articles/PMC7727837/ /pubmed/33255536 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21238926 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Li, Qian Gao, Yan Yang, An Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants |
title | Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants |
title_full | Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants |
title_fullStr | Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants |
title_full_unstemmed | Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants |
title_short | Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants |
title_sort | sulfur homeostasis in plants |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7727837/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33255536 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21238926 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT liqian sulfurhomeostasisinplants AT gaoyan sulfurhomeostasisinplants AT yangan sulfurhomeostasisinplants |