Long-term clinical outcomes of submacular blood removal with isolated autologous retinal pigment epithelium-choroid patch graft transplantation in long-standing large-sized submacular hematomas: An Indian experience

PURPOSE: To study the outcomes of submacular blood removal with isolated autologous full-thickness retinal pigment epithelial (RPE)-choroid patch graft transplantation in long-standing large-sized submacular hematomas in Indian population. METHODS: A retrospective study was done on eight consecutive patients of long-standing large-sized submacular hematoma from east India. In all cases, 23G vitrectomy was performed with the induction of retinal detachment (performed with or without 38G or 41G subretinal cannula) and a temporal 180° retinectomy was done. Submacular blood along with choroidal neovascular tissue was removed. A full-thickness RPE-choroid autologous patch graft was taken from a relatively healthy quadrant at the mid periphery and then the graft transferred under perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) to place it in the subfoveal area. Then, retina was re-attached using PFCL and laser completed. Silicone oil (5000 cst) was used as a tamponade. Post-operatively, wide-field fundus photographs (Optos), serial optical coherence tomography (OCT), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and multifocal electroretinography (ERG) were done. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients at presentation was 67.88 ± 10.03 years. Mean pre-operative best corrected visual acquity (BCVA) was 2.64 ± 0.3 log MAR and mean postoperative BCVA was 1.095 ± 0.27 log MAR (P < 0.05). The mean follow-up was 20 ± 16.57 months. ICG showed re-vascularization of translocated graft in all at 2 months. Multifocal ERG (after 6 months) showed some waveform in all. None of the cases developed re-bleed. CONCLUSION: Removal of submacular blood and neovascular membrane with autologous RPE-choroid graft is a viable option in cases with long-standing large submacular hematomas.