Role of microRNA and Oxidative Stress in Influenza A Virus Pathogenesis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate diverse cellular pathways by controlling gene expression. Increasing evidence has revealed their critical involvement in influenza A virus (IAV) pathogenesis. Host–IAV interactions induce different levels of oxidative stress (OS) by disrupting the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant factors. It is thought that miRNA may regulate the expression of ROS; conversely, ROS can induce or suppress miRNA expression during IAV infection. Thus, miRNA and OS are the two key factors of IAV infection and pathogenesis. Accordingly, interactions between OS and miRNA during IAV infection might be a critical area for further research. In this review, we discuss the crosstalk between miRNAs and OS during IAV infection. Additionally, we highlight the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for IAV infections. This knowledge will help us to study host–virus interactions with novel intervention strategies.