Implications of hydrogen sulfide in liver pathophysiology: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential

BACKGROUND: Over the last several decades, hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) has been found to exert multiple physiological functions in mammal systems. The endogenous production of H(2)S is primarily mediated by cystathione β-synthase (CBS), cystathione γ-lyase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). These enzymes are widely expressed in the liver tissues and regulate hepatic functions by acting on various molecular targets. AIM OF REVIEW: In the present review, we will highlight the recent advancements in the cellular events triggered by H(2)S under liver diseases. The therapeutic effects of H(2)S donors on hepatic diseases will also be discussed. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW: As a critical regulator of liver functions, H(2)S is critically involved in the etiology of various liver disorders, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatic fibrosis, hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury, and liver cancer. Targeting H(2)S-producing enzymes may be a promising strategy for managing hepatic disorders.