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Nucleotide Sugars in Chemistry and Biology

Nucleotide sugars have essential roles in every living creature. They are the building blocks of the biosynthesis of carbohydrates and their conjugates. They are involved in processes that are targets for drug development, and their analogs are potential inhibitors of these processes. Drug developme...

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Autor principal: Mikkola, Satu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7729866/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33291296
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235755
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author Mikkola, Satu
author_facet Mikkola, Satu
author_sort Mikkola, Satu
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description Nucleotide sugars have essential roles in every living creature. They are the building blocks of the biosynthesis of carbohydrates and their conjugates. They are involved in processes that are targets for drug development, and their analogs are potential inhibitors of these processes. Drug development requires efficient methods for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and nucleotide sugar building blocks as well as of modified structures as potential inhibitors. It requires also understanding the details of biological and chemical processes as well as the reactivity and reactions under different conditions. This article addresses all these issues by giving a broad overview on nucleotide sugars in biological and chemical reactions. As the background for the topic, glycosylation reactions in mammalian and bacterial cells are briefly discussed. In the following sections, structures and biosynthetic routes for nucleotide sugars, as well as the mechanisms of action of nucleotide sugar-utilizing enzymes, are discussed. Chemical topics include the reactivity and chemical synthesis methods. Finally, the enzymatic in vitro synthesis of nucleotide sugars and the utilization of enzyme cascades in the synthesis of nucleotide sugars and oligosaccharides are briefly discussed.
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spelling pubmed-77298662020-12-12 Nucleotide Sugars in Chemistry and Biology Mikkola, Satu Molecules Review Nucleotide sugars have essential roles in every living creature. They are the building blocks of the biosynthesis of carbohydrates and their conjugates. They are involved in processes that are targets for drug development, and their analogs are potential inhibitors of these processes. Drug development requires efficient methods for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and nucleotide sugar building blocks as well as of modified structures as potential inhibitors. It requires also understanding the details of biological and chemical processes as well as the reactivity and reactions under different conditions. This article addresses all these issues by giving a broad overview on nucleotide sugars in biological and chemical reactions. As the background for the topic, glycosylation reactions in mammalian and bacterial cells are briefly discussed. In the following sections, structures and biosynthetic routes for nucleotide sugars, as well as the mechanisms of action of nucleotide sugar-utilizing enzymes, are discussed. Chemical topics include the reactivity and chemical synthesis methods. Finally, the enzymatic in vitro synthesis of nucleotide sugars and the utilization of enzyme cascades in the synthesis of nucleotide sugars and oligosaccharides are briefly discussed. MDPI 2020-12-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7729866/ /pubmed/33291296 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235755 Text en © 2020 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Mikkola, Satu
Nucleotide Sugars in Chemistry and Biology
title Nucleotide Sugars in Chemistry and Biology
title_full Nucleotide Sugars in Chemistry and Biology
title_fullStr Nucleotide Sugars in Chemistry and Biology
title_full_unstemmed Nucleotide Sugars in Chemistry and Biology
title_short Nucleotide Sugars in Chemistry and Biology
title_sort nucleotide sugars in chemistry and biology
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7729866/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33291296
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235755
work_keys_str_mv AT mikkolasatu nucleotidesugarsinchemistryandbiology