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Enteric Glia at the Crossroads between Intestinal Immune System and Epithelial Barrier: Implications for Parkinson Disease

Over recent years, several investigations have suggested that Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be regarded as the consequence of a bowel disorder. Indeed, gastrointestinal symptoms can occur at all stages of this neurodegenerative disease and in up to a third of cases, their onset can precede the involv...

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Autores principales: Benvenuti, Laura, D’Antongiovanni, Vanessa, Pellegrini, Carolina, Antonioli, Luca, Bernardini, Nunzia, Blandizzi, Corrado, Fornai, Matteo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7730281/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33276665
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239199
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author Benvenuti, Laura
D’Antongiovanni, Vanessa
Pellegrini, Carolina
Antonioli, Luca
Bernardini, Nunzia
Blandizzi, Corrado
Fornai, Matteo
author_facet Benvenuti, Laura
D’Antongiovanni, Vanessa
Pellegrini, Carolina
Antonioli, Luca
Bernardini, Nunzia
Blandizzi, Corrado
Fornai, Matteo
author_sort Benvenuti, Laura
collection PubMed
description Over recent years, several investigations have suggested that Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be regarded as the consequence of a bowel disorder. Indeed, gastrointestinal symptoms can occur at all stages of this neurodegenerative disease and in up to a third of cases, their onset can precede the involvement of the central nervous system. Recent data suggest that enteric glial cells (EGCs) may play a major role in PD-related gastrointestinal disturbances, as well as in the development and progression of the central disease. In addition to their trophic and structural functions, EGCs are crucial for the homeostatic control of a wide range of gastrointestinal activities. The main purpose of this review was to provide a detailed overview of the role of EGCs in intestinal PD-associated alterations, with particular regard for their participation in digestive and central inflammation as well as the dynamic interactions between glial cells and intestinal epithelial barrier. Accumulating evidence suggests that several pathological intestinal conditions, associated with an impairment of barrier permeability, may trigger dysfunctions of EGCs and their shift towards a proinflammatory phenotype. The reactive gliosis is likely responsible for PD-related neuroinflammation and the associated pathological changes in the ENS. Thus, ameliorating the efficiency of mucosal barrier, as well as avoiding IEB disruption and the related reactive gliosis, might theoretically prevent the onset of PD or, at least, counteract its progression.
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spelling pubmed-77302812020-12-12 Enteric Glia at the Crossroads between Intestinal Immune System and Epithelial Barrier: Implications for Parkinson Disease Benvenuti, Laura D’Antongiovanni, Vanessa Pellegrini, Carolina Antonioli, Luca Bernardini, Nunzia Blandizzi, Corrado Fornai, Matteo Int J Mol Sci Review Over recent years, several investigations have suggested that Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be regarded as the consequence of a bowel disorder. Indeed, gastrointestinal symptoms can occur at all stages of this neurodegenerative disease and in up to a third of cases, their onset can precede the involvement of the central nervous system. Recent data suggest that enteric glial cells (EGCs) may play a major role in PD-related gastrointestinal disturbances, as well as in the development and progression of the central disease. In addition to their trophic and structural functions, EGCs are crucial for the homeostatic control of a wide range of gastrointestinal activities. The main purpose of this review was to provide a detailed overview of the role of EGCs in intestinal PD-associated alterations, with particular regard for their participation in digestive and central inflammation as well as the dynamic interactions between glial cells and intestinal epithelial barrier. Accumulating evidence suggests that several pathological intestinal conditions, associated with an impairment of barrier permeability, may trigger dysfunctions of EGCs and their shift towards a proinflammatory phenotype. The reactive gliosis is likely responsible for PD-related neuroinflammation and the associated pathological changes in the ENS. Thus, ameliorating the efficiency of mucosal barrier, as well as avoiding IEB disruption and the related reactive gliosis, might theoretically prevent the onset of PD or, at least, counteract its progression. MDPI 2020-12-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7730281/ /pubmed/33276665 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239199 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Benvenuti, Laura
D’Antongiovanni, Vanessa
Pellegrini, Carolina
Antonioli, Luca
Bernardini, Nunzia
Blandizzi, Corrado
Fornai, Matteo
Enteric Glia at the Crossroads between Intestinal Immune System and Epithelial Barrier: Implications for Parkinson Disease
title Enteric Glia at the Crossroads between Intestinal Immune System and Epithelial Barrier: Implications for Parkinson Disease
title_full Enteric Glia at the Crossroads between Intestinal Immune System and Epithelial Barrier: Implications for Parkinson Disease
title_fullStr Enteric Glia at the Crossroads between Intestinal Immune System and Epithelial Barrier: Implications for Parkinson Disease
title_full_unstemmed Enteric Glia at the Crossroads between Intestinal Immune System and Epithelial Barrier: Implications for Parkinson Disease
title_short Enteric Glia at the Crossroads between Intestinal Immune System and Epithelial Barrier: Implications for Parkinson Disease
title_sort enteric glia at the crossroads between intestinal immune system and epithelial barrier: implications for parkinson disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7730281/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33276665
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239199
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