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Methylation: An Ineluctable Biochemical and Physiological Process Essential to the Transmission of Life

Methylation is a universal biochemical process which covalently adds methyl groups to a variety of molecular targets. It plays a critical role in two major global regulatory mechanisms, epigenetic modifications and imprinting, via methyl tagging on histones and DNA. During reproduction, the two geno...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Menezo, Yves, Clement, Patrice, Clement, Arthur, Elder, Kay
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7730869/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33297303
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239311
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author Menezo, Yves
Clement, Patrice
Clement, Arthur
Elder, Kay
author_facet Menezo, Yves
Clement, Patrice
Clement, Arthur
Elder, Kay
author_sort Menezo, Yves
collection PubMed
description Methylation is a universal biochemical process which covalently adds methyl groups to a variety of molecular targets. It plays a critical role in two major global regulatory mechanisms, epigenetic modifications and imprinting, via methyl tagging on histones and DNA. During reproduction, the two genomes that unite to create a new individual are complementary but not equivalent. Methylation determines the complementary regulatory characteristics of male and female genomes. DNA methylation is executed by methyltransferases that transfer a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine, the universal methyl donor, to cytosine residues of CG (also designated CpG). Histones are methylated mainly on lysine and arginine residues. The methylation processes regulate the main steps in reproductive physiology: gametogenesis, and early and late embryo development. A focus will be made on the impact of assisted reproductive technology and on the impact of endocrine disruptors (EDCs) via generation of oxidative stress.
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spelling pubmed-77308692020-12-12 Methylation: An Ineluctable Biochemical and Physiological Process Essential to the Transmission of Life Menezo, Yves Clement, Patrice Clement, Arthur Elder, Kay Int J Mol Sci Review Methylation is a universal biochemical process which covalently adds methyl groups to a variety of molecular targets. It plays a critical role in two major global regulatory mechanisms, epigenetic modifications and imprinting, via methyl tagging on histones and DNA. During reproduction, the two genomes that unite to create a new individual are complementary but not equivalent. Methylation determines the complementary regulatory characteristics of male and female genomes. DNA methylation is executed by methyltransferases that transfer a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine, the universal methyl donor, to cytosine residues of CG (also designated CpG). Histones are methylated mainly on lysine and arginine residues. The methylation processes regulate the main steps in reproductive physiology: gametogenesis, and early and late embryo development. A focus will be made on the impact of assisted reproductive technology and on the impact of endocrine disruptors (EDCs) via generation of oxidative stress. MDPI 2020-12-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7730869/ /pubmed/33297303 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239311 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Menezo, Yves
Clement, Patrice
Clement, Arthur
Elder, Kay
Methylation: An Ineluctable Biochemical and Physiological Process Essential to the Transmission of Life
title Methylation: An Ineluctable Biochemical and Physiological Process Essential to the Transmission of Life
title_full Methylation: An Ineluctable Biochemical and Physiological Process Essential to the Transmission of Life
title_fullStr Methylation: An Ineluctable Biochemical and Physiological Process Essential to the Transmission of Life
title_full_unstemmed Methylation: An Ineluctable Biochemical and Physiological Process Essential to the Transmission of Life
title_short Methylation: An Ineluctable Biochemical and Physiological Process Essential to the Transmission of Life
title_sort methylation: an ineluctable biochemical and physiological process essential to the transmission of life
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7730869/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33297303
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239311
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