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Discrimination Improvement of a Gas Sensors’ Array Using High-Frequency Quartz Crystal Microbalance Coated with Polymeric Films

The discrimination improvement of an array of four highly sensitive 30 MHz gas quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors was performed and compared to a similar system based on a 12-MHz QCM. The sensing polymeric films were ethyl cellulose (EC), poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA), Apiezon L (ApL), and...

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Autores principales: Rodríguez-Torres, Marcos, Altuzar, Víctor, Mendoza-Barrera, Claudia, Beltrán-Pérez, Georgina, Castillo-Mixcóatl, Juan, Muñoz-Aguirre, Severino
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7730943/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33291314
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236972
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author Rodríguez-Torres, Marcos
Altuzar, Víctor
Mendoza-Barrera, Claudia
Beltrán-Pérez, Georgina
Castillo-Mixcóatl, Juan
Muñoz-Aguirre, Severino
author_facet Rodríguez-Torres, Marcos
Altuzar, Víctor
Mendoza-Barrera, Claudia
Beltrán-Pérez, Georgina
Castillo-Mixcóatl, Juan
Muñoz-Aguirre, Severino
author_sort Rodríguez-Torres, Marcos
collection PubMed
description The discrimination improvement of an array of four highly sensitive 30 MHz gas quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors was performed and compared to a similar system based on a 12-MHz QCM. The sensing polymeric films were ethyl cellulose (EC), poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA), Apiezon L (ApL), and Apiezon T (ApT) and they were coated over the AT-cut QCM devices by the drop casting technique. All the sensors had almost the same film thickness (0.2 μm). The fabricated QCM sensor arrays were exposed to three different concentrations, corresponding to 5, 10, and 15 μL, of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and heptane vapors. The steady state sensor responses were measured in a static system at a temperature of 20 °C and relative humidity of 22%. Our results showed that the 30-MHz sensors have a higher sensitivity than 12-MHz ones (around 5.73 times), independently of the sensing film and measured sample. On the other hand, principal component analysis and discriminant analysis were performed using the raw data of the responses. An improvement of the classification percentage between 12 MHz and 30 MHz sensors was found. However, it was not sufficient, especially for low concentrations. Furthermore, using partition coefficient and discriminant analysis (DA), an improvement of 100% classification of the three samples was achieved for the case of the 30-MHz sensor array.
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spelling pubmed-77309432020-12-12 Discrimination Improvement of a Gas Sensors’ Array Using High-Frequency Quartz Crystal Microbalance Coated with Polymeric Films Rodríguez-Torres, Marcos Altuzar, Víctor Mendoza-Barrera, Claudia Beltrán-Pérez, Georgina Castillo-Mixcóatl, Juan Muñoz-Aguirre, Severino Sensors (Basel) Letter The discrimination improvement of an array of four highly sensitive 30 MHz gas quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors was performed and compared to a similar system based on a 12-MHz QCM. The sensing polymeric films were ethyl cellulose (EC), poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA), Apiezon L (ApL), and Apiezon T (ApT) and they were coated over the AT-cut QCM devices by the drop casting technique. All the sensors had almost the same film thickness (0.2 μm). The fabricated QCM sensor arrays were exposed to three different concentrations, corresponding to 5, 10, and 15 μL, of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and heptane vapors. The steady state sensor responses were measured in a static system at a temperature of 20 °C and relative humidity of 22%. Our results showed that the 30-MHz sensors have a higher sensitivity than 12-MHz ones (around 5.73 times), independently of the sensing film and measured sample. On the other hand, principal component analysis and discriminant analysis were performed using the raw data of the responses. An improvement of the classification percentage between 12 MHz and 30 MHz sensors was found. However, it was not sufficient, especially for low concentrations. Furthermore, using partition coefficient and discriminant analysis (DA), an improvement of 100% classification of the three samples was achieved for the case of the 30-MHz sensor array. MDPI 2020-12-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7730943/ /pubmed/33291314 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236972 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Letter
Rodríguez-Torres, Marcos
Altuzar, Víctor
Mendoza-Barrera, Claudia
Beltrán-Pérez, Georgina
Castillo-Mixcóatl, Juan
Muñoz-Aguirre, Severino
Discrimination Improvement of a Gas Sensors’ Array Using High-Frequency Quartz Crystal Microbalance Coated with Polymeric Films
title Discrimination Improvement of a Gas Sensors’ Array Using High-Frequency Quartz Crystal Microbalance Coated with Polymeric Films
title_full Discrimination Improvement of a Gas Sensors’ Array Using High-Frequency Quartz Crystal Microbalance Coated with Polymeric Films
title_fullStr Discrimination Improvement of a Gas Sensors’ Array Using High-Frequency Quartz Crystal Microbalance Coated with Polymeric Films
title_full_unstemmed Discrimination Improvement of a Gas Sensors’ Array Using High-Frequency Quartz Crystal Microbalance Coated with Polymeric Films
title_short Discrimination Improvement of a Gas Sensors’ Array Using High-Frequency Quartz Crystal Microbalance Coated with Polymeric Films
title_sort discrimination improvement of a gas sensors’ array using high-frequency quartz crystal microbalance coated with polymeric films
topic Letter
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7730943/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33291314
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236972
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