Preparation and Application of Self-Curing Magnesium Phosphate Cement Concrete with High Early Strength in Severe Cold Environments

The early strength of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) decreases sharply in severe cold environments ≤−10 °C, with the 2 h compressive strength falling to 3.5 MPa at−20 °C. Therefore, it cannot be used as a repair material for emergency repair construction in such environments. In this study, MPC is adapted for use in such cold environments by replacing part of the dead-burned magnesia (M) in the mixture with a small amount of light-burned magnesia (LBM) and introducing dilute phosphoric acid (PA) solution as the mixing water. The heat released by the highly active acid–base reaction of PA and LBM stimulates an MPC reaction. Moreover, the early strength of the MPC significantly improves with the increase in the Mg(2+) concentration and the initial reaction temperature of the MPC paste, which enables MPC hardening in severe cold environments. Although the morphology of the reaction products of the MPC is poor and the grain plumpness and size of the struvite crystals are remarkably reduced, the early strength of MPC prepared in the severe cold environment is close to that of MPC prepared under normal temperature. Furthermore, the increases in the early reaction temperature and early strength of magnesium phosphate cement concrete (MPCC) are significantly improved when the PA concentration in the mixing water and the LBM/M ratio are 10% and 4–6% at −10 °C and 20% and 6–8% at −20 °C, respectively. Moreover, self-curing of MPCC can be realized even at −20 °C, at which temperature the 2 h and 24 h compressive strength of MPCC reach 36 MPa and 45 MPa, respectively.