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Analytical Model for Blood Glucose Detection Using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy

Pathogens and adulterants in human feeding consumables can be readily identified according to their electrical properties. Electrical bioimpedance analysis (BIA) has been widely used for body contents characterization, such as blood, urine, lactate, and sweat. If the concentration of glucose in bloo...

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Autores principales: Pedro, Bruna Gabriela, Marcôndes, David William Cordeiro, Bertemes-Filho, Pedro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7731080/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33291529
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236928
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author Pedro, Bruna Gabriela
Marcôndes, David William Cordeiro
Bertemes-Filho, Pedro
author_facet Pedro, Bruna Gabriela
Marcôndes, David William Cordeiro
Bertemes-Filho, Pedro
author_sort Pedro, Bruna Gabriela
collection PubMed
description Pathogens and adulterants in human feeding consumables can be readily identified according to their electrical properties. Electrical bioimpedance analysis (BIA) has been widely used for body contents characterization, such as blood, urine, lactate, and sweat. If the concentration of glucose in blood alters the electrical properties of the blood medium, then the impedance spectrum obtained by BIA can be used to measure glycemia. For some applications, artificial neural networks allow the correlation of these parameters both impedance and concentration of glucose by means of symbolic and statistical rules. According to our literature review, there is not any physical model that allows the interpretation of the relationship between blood’s electrical properties from impedance spectra and the concentration of glucose in blood plasma. This article proposes a simplified physical model for blood electrical conductivity as a function of concentration of glucose, based on Bruggeman’s effective medium theory. The equations of this model were obtained considering an insulating phase distribution diffused in a conductive matrix, in which red blood cells are represented by macroscopic insulating nuclei and glucose molecules by microscopic insulating particles. The impedance spectrum for different glucose concentrations (4.0 to 6.8 mmol/L) in a blood sample, published by Kamat Bagul (2014), were compared to the proposed model. The results showed a significant correlation with the experimental data, showing a maximum error of 5.2%. The proposed model might be useful in the design of noninvasive blood glucose monitoring systems.
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spelling pubmed-77310802020-12-12 Analytical Model for Blood Glucose Detection Using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Pedro, Bruna Gabriela Marcôndes, David William Cordeiro Bertemes-Filho, Pedro Sensors (Basel) Letter Pathogens and adulterants in human feeding consumables can be readily identified according to their electrical properties. Electrical bioimpedance analysis (BIA) has been widely used for body contents characterization, such as blood, urine, lactate, and sweat. If the concentration of glucose in blood alters the electrical properties of the blood medium, then the impedance spectrum obtained by BIA can be used to measure glycemia. For some applications, artificial neural networks allow the correlation of these parameters both impedance and concentration of glucose by means of symbolic and statistical rules. According to our literature review, there is not any physical model that allows the interpretation of the relationship between blood’s electrical properties from impedance spectra and the concentration of glucose in blood plasma. This article proposes a simplified physical model for blood electrical conductivity as a function of concentration of glucose, based on Bruggeman’s effective medium theory. The equations of this model were obtained considering an insulating phase distribution diffused in a conductive matrix, in which red blood cells are represented by macroscopic insulating nuclei and glucose molecules by microscopic insulating particles. The impedance spectrum for different glucose concentrations (4.0 to 6.8 mmol/L) in a blood sample, published by Kamat Bagul (2014), were compared to the proposed model. The results showed a significant correlation with the experimental data, showing a maximum error of 5.2%. The proposed model might be useful in the design of noninvasive blood glucose monitoring systems. MDPI 2020-12-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7731080/ /pubmed/33291529 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236928 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Letter
Pedro, Bruna Gabriela
Marcôndes, David William Cordeiro
Bertemes-Filho, Pedro
Analytical Model for Blood Glucose Detection Using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy
title Analytical Model for Blood Glucose Detection Using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy
title_full Analytical Model for Blood Glucose Detection Using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy
title_fullStr Analytical Model for Blood Glucose Detection Using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy
title_full_unstemmed Analytical Model for Blood Glucose Detection Using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy
title_short Analytical Model for Blood Glucose Detection Using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy
title_sort analytical model for blood glucose detection using electrical impedance spectroscopy
topic Letter
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7731080/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33291529
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236928
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