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Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Head and Neck Tumorigenesis

The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a potent enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PG), including PGE2, a key mediator of inflammation and angiogenesis. Importantly, COX-2 is activated in response to inflammatory stimuli, where it is also believed to promote the development and progre...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Frejborg, Ellen, Salo, Tuula, Salem, Abdelhakim
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7731111/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33287464
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239246
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author Frejborg, Ellen
Salo, Tuula
Salem, Abdelhakim
author_facet Frejborg, Ellen
Salo, Tuula
Salem, Abdelhakim
author_sort Frejborg, Ellen
collection PubMed
description The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a potent enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PG), including PGE2, a key mediator of inflammation and angiogenesis. Importantly, COX-2 is activated in response to inflammatory stimuli, where it is also believed to promote the development and progression of head and neck cancers (HNC). COX-2 can mediate its protumorigenic effect through various mechanisms, such as inducing cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and suppressing the host’s immune response. Furthermore, COX-2 can induce the production of vascular endothelial growth factors, hence, promoting angiogenesis. Indeed, the ability of COX-2 inhibitors to selectively restrict the proliferation of tumor cells and mediating apoptosis provides promising therapeutic targets for cancer patients. Thus, in this comprehensive review, we summarized the reported differential expression patterns of COX-2 in different stages of head and neck carcinogenesis—from potentially premalignant lesions to invasive carcinomas. Furthermore, we examined the available meta-analysis evidence for COX-2 role in the carcinogenesis of HNC. Finally, further understanding of the biological processes of COX-2 and its role in orchestrating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis may give therapeutically beneficial insight to develop the management plan of HNC patients and improve their clinical outcomes.
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spelling pubmed-77311112020-12-12 Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Head and Neck Tumorigenesis Frejborg, Ellen Salo, Tuula Salem, Abdelhakim Int J Mol Sci Review The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a potent enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PG), including PGE2, a key mediator of inflammation and angiogenesis. Importantly, COX-2 is activated in response to inflammatory stimuli, where it is also believed to promote the development and progression of head and neck cancers (HNC). COX-2 can mediate its protumorigenic effect through various mechanisms, such as inducing cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and suppressing the host’s immune response. Furthermore, COX-2 can induce the production of vascular endothelial growth factors, hence, promoting angiogenesis. Indeed, the ability of COX-2 inhibitors to selectively restrict the proliferation of tumor cells and mediating apoptosis provides promising therapeutic targets for cancer patients. Thus, in this comprehensive review, we summarized the reported differential expression patterns of COX-2 in different stages of head and neck carcinogenesis—from potentially premalignant lesions to invasive carcinomas. Furthermore, we examined the available meta-analysis evidence for COX-2 role in the carcinogenesis of HNC. Finally, further understanding of the biological processes of COX-2 and its role in orchestrating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis may give therapeutically beneficial insight to develop the management plan of HNC patients and improve their clinical outcomes. MDPI 2020-12-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7731111/ /pubmed/33287464 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239246 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Frejborg, Ellen
Salo, Tuula
Salem, Abdelhakim
Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Head and Neck Tumorigenesis
title Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Head and Neck Tumorigenesis
title_full Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Head and Neck Tumorigenesis
title_fullStr Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Head and Neck Tumorigenesis
title_full_unstemmed Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Head and Neck Tumorigenesis
title_short Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Head and Neck Tumorigenesis
title_sort role of cyclooxygenase-2 in head and neck tumorigenesis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7731111/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33287464
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239246
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