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Children’s Independent Mobility to School in Seven European Countries: A Multinomial Logit Model
The determinants of children’s independent school mobility and the contextual discrepancies between these determinants have not been comprehensively investigated in previous studies. It is important to examine these determinants because independent school mobility is associated with children’s physi...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7731133/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33297559 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239149 |
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author | Masoumi, Houshmand van Rooijen, Martin Sierpiński, Grzegorz |
author_facet | Masoumi, Houshmand van Rooijen, Martin Sierpiński, Grzegorz |
author_sort | Masoumi, Houshmand |
collection | PubMed |
description | The determinants of children’s independent school mobility and the contextual discrepancies between these determinants have not been comprehensively investigated in previous studies. It is important to examine these determinants because independent school mobility is associated with children’s physical activity, according to the literature. This paper examined the associations of different groups of variables such as household, mobility, perceptions, and the built environment with independent school mobility of children between 9 and 12 years using a sample of 1304 girls (50.9%) and boys (49.1%) in seven European countries. The sample was analyzed by Multinomial Logistic Regression, Chi-square test of independence, and Proportional Reduction in Error methods. According to the findings, father’s and mother’s commute mode choice, child’s mode choice of commute to school, child’s bike ownership, parent’s perception of safety, parent’s evaluation of bike lane and sidewalk quality, child’s commute distance, number of driving licenses in the household, accessibility of public transport, and population density in the neighborhood and around the school proved to be very strong and significant determinants of children’s independent school mobility in the Europe-wide sample. The comparison of the levels of independent school mobility did not show any significant differences between high-income countries such as Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands, and emerging economies and developing countries like Poland, Greece, Turkey, and Croatia. However, a direct comparison between Poland (emerging economy) (33.6%) and the Netherlands (high-income) (31.7%) revealed significant differences in the level of independent school mobility. This study found the motives for this discrepancy due to the significant difference in bike ownership, the number of household members working outside of the house, household size, commute distances of parents, and driving license possession. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7731133 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77311332020-12-12 Children’s Independent Mobility to School in Seven European Countries: A Multinomial Logit Model Masoumi, Houshmand van Rooijen, Martin Sierpiński, Grzegorz Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The determinants of children’s independent school mobility and the contextual discrepancies between these determinants have not been comprehensively investigated in previous studies. It is important to examine these determinants because independent school mobility is associated with children’s physical activity, according to the literature. This paper examined the associations of different groups of variables such as household, mobility, perceptions, and the built environment with independent school mobility of children between 9 and 12 years using a sample of 1304 girls (50.9%) and boys (49.1%) in seven European countries. The sample was analyzed by Multinomial Logistic Regression, Chi-square test of independence, and Proportional Reduction in Error methods. According to the findings, father’s and mother’s commute mode choice, child’s mode choice of commute to school, child’s bike ownership, parent’s perception of safety, parent’s evaluation of bike lane and sidewalk quality, child’s commute distance, number of driving licenses in the household, accessibility of public transport, and population density in the neighborhood and around the school proved to be very strong and significant determinants of children’s independent school mobility in the Europe-wide sample. The comparison of the levels of independent school mobility did not show any significant differences between high-income countries such as Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands, and emerging economies and developing countries like Poland, Greece, Turkey, and Croatia. However, a direct comparison between Poland (emerging economy) (33.6%) and the Netherlands (high-income) (31.7%) revealed significant differences in the level of independent school mobility. This study found the motives for this discrepancy due to the significant difference in bike ownership, the number of household members working outside of the house, household size, commute distances of parents, and driving license possession. MDPI 2020-12-07 2020-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7731133/ /pubmed/33297559 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239149 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Masoumi, Houshmand van Rooijen, Martin Sierpiński, Grzegorz Children’s Independent Mobility to School in Seven European Countries: A Multinomial Logit Model |
title | Children’s Independent Mobility to School in Seven European Countries: A Multinomial Logit Model |
title_full | Children’s Independent Mobility to School in Seven European Countries: A Multinomial Logit Model |
title_fullStr | Children’s Independent Mobility to School in Seven European Countries: A Multinomial Logit Model |
title_full_unstemmed | Children’s Independent Mobility to School in Seven European Countries: A Multinomial Logit Model |
title_short | Children’s Independent Mobility to School in Seven European Countries: A Multinomial Logit Model |
title_sort | children’s independent mobility to school in seven european countries: a multinomial logit model |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7731133/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33297559 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239149 |
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