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The Effects of Immunosuppressive Treatment during Pregnancy on the Levels of Potassium, Iron, Chromium, Zinc, Aluminum, Sodium and Molybdenum in Hard Tissues of Female Rats and Their Offspring
The ideal immunosuppressive regimen should provide for excellent immunosuppression with no side effects. Yet, current immunosuppressive therapy regimens commonly used in clinical applications fail to meet this criterion. One of the complications caused by immunosuppressive drugs is mineralization di...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7731177/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33261165 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239038 |
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author | Styburski, Daniel Żwierełło, Wojciech Skórka-Majewicz, Marta Goschorska, Marta Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena Kabat-Koperska, Joanna Chlubek, Dariusz Gutowska, Izabela |
author_facet | Styburski, Daniel Żwierełło, Wojciech Skórka-Majewicz, Marta Goschorska, Marta Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena Kabat-Koperska, Joanna Chlubek, Dariusz Gutowska, Izabela |
author_sort | Styburski, Daniel |
collection | PubMed |
description | The ideal immunosuppressive regimen should provide for excellent immunosuppression with no side effects. Yet, current immunosuppressive therapy regimens commonly used in clinical applications fail to meet this criterion. One of the complications caused by immunosuppressive drugs is mineralization disorders in hard tissues. In this study, we evaluated the effects of three immunosuppressive therapies used after transplantation on the levels of potassium, iron, chromium, zinc, aluminum, sodium and molybdenum in the bones and teeth of female rats and their offspring. The study was conducted on 32 female Wistar rats, subjected to immunosuppressive regimens (cyclosporine A, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone; tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone; and cyclosporine A, everolimus and prednisone). The hard tissues of rats were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, ICAP 7400 Duo, Thermo Scientific) equipped with a concentric nebulizer and a cyclonic spray chamber. All the immunosuppressive regimens included in the study affected the concentrations of the studied minerals in hard tissues of female rats and their offspring. The therapy based on cyclosporine A, everolimus and prednisone led to a decline in the levels of iron in bone, zinc in teeth, and molybdenum in the bone and teeth of mothers, while in the offspring, it caused a decline of bone potassium, with a decrease in iron and increase of molybdenum in teeth. Moreover, the regimen caused an increase in aluminum and chromium in the teeth and aluminum in the bones of the offspring, and consequently, it seems to be the therapy with the most negative impact on the mineral metabolism in hard tissues. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7731177 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77311772020-12-12 The Effects of Immunosuppressive Treatment during Pregnancy on the Levels of Potassium, Iron, Chromium, Zinc, Aluminum, Sodium and Molybdenum in Hard Tissues of Female Rats and Their Offspring Styburski, Daniel Żwierełło, Wojciech Skórka-Majewicz, Marta Goschorska, Marta Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena Kabat-Koperska, Joanna Chlubek, Dariusz Gutowska, Izabela Int J Mol Sci Article The ideal immunosuppressive regimen should provide for excellent immunosuppression with no side effects. Yet, current immunosuppressive therapy regimens commonly used in clinical applications fail to meet this criterion. One of the complications caused by immunosuppressive drugs is mineralization disorders in hard tissues. In this study, we evaluated the effects of three immunosuppressive therapies used after transplantation on the levels of potassium, iron, chromium, zinc, aluminum, sodium and molybdenum in the bones and teeth of female rats and their offspring. The study was conducted on 32 female Wistar rats, subjected to immunosuppressive regimens (cyclosporine A, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone; tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone; and cyclosporine A, everolimus and prednisone). The hard tissues of rats were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, ICAP 7400 Duo, Thermo Scientific) equipped with a concentric nebulizer and a cyclonic spray chamber. All the immunosuppressive regimens included in the study affected the concentrations of the studied minerals in hard tissues of female rats and their offspring. The therapy based on cyclosporine A, everolimus and prednisone led to a decline in the levels of iron in bone, zinc in teeth, and molybdenum in the bone and teeth of mothers, while in the offspring, it caused a decline of bone potassium, with a decrease in iron and increase of molybdenum in teeth. Moreover, the regimen caused an increase in aluminum and chromium in the teeth and aluminum in the bones of the offspring, and consequently, it seems to be the therapy with the most negative impact on the mineral metabolism in hard tissues. MDPI 2020-11-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7731177/ /pubmed/33261165 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239038 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Styburski, Daniel Żwierełło, Wojciech Skórka-Majewicz, Marta Goschorska, Marta Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena Kabat-Koperska, Joanna Chlubek, Dariusz Gutowska, Izabela The Effects of Immunosuppressive Treatment during Pregnancy on the Levels of Potassium, Iron, Chromium, Zinc, Aluminum, Sodium and Molybdenum in Hard Tissues of Female Rats and Their Offspring |
title | The Effects of Immunosuppressive Treatment during Pregnancy on the Levels of Potassium, Iron, Chromium, Zinc, Aluminum, Sodium and Molybdenum in Hard Tissues of Female Rats and Their Offspring |
title_full | The Effects of Immunosuppressive Treatment during Pregnancy on the Levels of Potassium, Iron, Chromium, Zinc, Aluminum, Sodium and Molybdenum in Hard Tissues of Female Rats and Their Offspring |
title_fullStr | The Effects of Immunosuppressive Treatment during Pregnancy on the Levels of Potassium, Iron, Chromium, Zinc, Aluminum, Sodium and Molybdenum in Hard Tissues of Female Rats and Their Offspring |
title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Immunosuppressive Treatment during Pregnancy on the Levels of Potassium, Iron, Chromium, Zinc, Aluminum, Sodium and Molybdenum in Hard Tissues of Female Rats and Their Offspring |
title_short | The Effects of Immunosuppressive Treatment during Pregnancy on the Levels of Potassium, Iron, Chromium, Zinc, Aluminum, Sodium and Molybdenum in Hard Tissues of Female Rats and Their Offspring |
title_sort | effects of immunosuppressive treatment during pregnancy on the levels of potassium, iron, chromium, zinc, aluminum, sodium and molybdenum in hard tissues of female rats and their offspring |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7731177/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33261165 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239038 |
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