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The Effects of Immunosuppressive Treatment during Pregnancy on the Levels of Potassium, Iron, Chromium, Zinc, Aluminum, Sodium and Molybdenum in Hard Tissues of Female Rats and Their Offspring

The ideal immunosuppressive regimen should provide for excellent immunosuppression with no side effects. Yet, current immunosuppressive therapy regimens commonly used in clinical applications fail to meet this criterion. One of the complications caused by immunosuppressive drugs is mineralization di...

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Autores principales: Styburski, Daniel, Żwierełło, Wojciech, Skórka-Majewicz, Marta, Goschorska, Marta, Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena, Kabat-Koperska, Joanna, Chlubek, Dariusz, Gutowska, Izabela
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7731177/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33261165
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239038
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author Styburski, Daniel
Żwierełło, Wojciech
Skórka-Majewicz, Marta
Goschorska, Marta
Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena
Kabat-Koperska, Joanna
Chlubek, Dariusz
Gutowska, Izabela
author_facet Styburski, Daniel
Żwierełło, Wojciech
Skórka-Majewicz, Marta
Goschorska, Marta
Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena
Kabat-Koperska, Joanna
Chlubek, Dariusz
Gutowska, Izabela
author_sort Styburski, Daniel
collection PubMed
description The ideal immunosuppressive regimen should provide for excellent immunosuppression with no side effects. Yet, current immunosuppressive therapy regimens commonly used in clinical applications fail to meet this criterion. One of the complications caused by immunosuppressive drugs is mineralization disorders in hard tissues. In this study, we evaluated the effects of three immunosuppressive therapies used after transplantation on the levels of potassium, iron, chromium, zinc, aluminum, sodium and molybdenum in the bones and teeth of female rats and their offspring. The study was conducted on 32 female Wistar rats, subjected to immunosuppressive regimens (cyclosporine A, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone; tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone; and cyclosporine A, everolimus and prednisone). The hard tissues of rats were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, ICAP 7400 Duo, Thermo Scientific) equipped with a concentric nebulizer and a cyclonic spray chamber. All the immunosuppressive regimens included in the study affected the concentrations of the studied minerals in hard tissues of female rats and their offspring. The therapy based on cyclosporine A, everolimus and prednisone led to a decline in the levels of iron in bone, zinc in teeth, and molybdenum in the bone and teeth of mothers, while in the offspring, it caused a decline of bone potassium, with a decrease in iron and increase of molybdenum in teeth. Moreover, the regimen caused an increase in aluminum and chromium in the teeth and aluminum in the bones of the offspring, and consequently, it seems to be the therapy with the most negative impact on the mineral metabolism in hard tissues.
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spelling pubmed-77311772020-12-12 The Effects of Immunosuppressive Treatment during Pregnancy on the Levels of Potassium, Iron, Chromium, Zinc, Aluminum, Sodium and Molybdenum in Hard Tissues of Female Rats and Their Offspring Styburski, Daniel Żwierełło, Wojciech Skórka-Majewicz, Marta Goschorska, Marta Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena Kabat-Koperska, Joanna Chlubek, Dariusz Gutowska, Izabela Int J Mol Sci Article The ideal immunosuppressive regimen should provide for excellent immunosuppression with no side effects. Yet, current immunosuppressive therapy regimens commonly used in clinical applications fail to meet this criterion. One of the complications caused by immunosuppressive drugs is mineralization disorders in hard tissues. In this study, we evaluated the effects of three immunosuppressive therapies used after transplantation on the levels of potassium, iron, chromium, zinc, aluminum, sodium and molybdenum in the bones and teeth of female rats and their offspring. The study was conducted on 32 female Wistar rats, subjected to immunosuppressive regimens (cyclosporine A, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone; tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone; and cyclosporine A, everolimus and prednisone). The hard tissues of rats were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, ICAP 7400 Duo, Thermo Scientific) equipped with a concentric nebulizer and a cyclonic spray chamber. All the immunosuppressive regimens included in the study affected the concentrations of the studied minerals in hard tissues of female rats and their offspring. The therapy based on cyclosporine A, everolimus and prednisone led to a decline in the levels of iron in bone, zinc in teeth, and molybdenum in the bone and teeth of mothers, while in the offspring, it caused a decline of bone potassium, with a decrease in iron and increase of molybdenum in teeth. Moreover, the regimen caused an increase in aluminum and chromium in the teeth and aluminum in the bones of the offspring, and consequently, it seems to be the therapy with the most negative impact on the mineral metabolism in hard tissues. MDPI 2020-11-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7731177/ /pubmed/33261165 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239038 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Styburski, Daniel
Żwierełło, Wojciech
Skórka-Majewicz, Marta
Goschorska, Marta
Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena
Kabat-Koperska, Joanna
Chlubek, Dariusz
Gutowska, Izabela
The Effects of Immunosuppressive Treatment during Pregnancy on the Levels of Potassium, Iron, Chromium, Zinc, Aluminum, Sodium and Molybdenum in Hard Tissues of Female Rats and Their Offspring
title The Effects of Immunosuppressive Treatment during Pregnancy on the Levels of Potassium, Iron, Chromium, Zinc, Aluminum, Sodium and Molybdenum in Hard Tissues of Female Rats and Their Offspring
title_full The Effects of Immunosuppressive Treatment during Pregnancy on the Levels of Potassium, Iron, Chromium, Zinc, Aluminum, Sodium and Molybdenum in Hard Tissues of Female Rats and Their Offspring
title_fullStr The Effects of Immunosuppressive Treatment during Pregnancy on the Levels of Potassium, Iron, Chromium, Zinc, Aluminum, Sodium and Molybdenum in Hard Tissues of Female Rats and Their Offspring
title_full_unstemmed The Effects of Immunosuppressive Treatment during Pregnancy on the Levels of Potassium, Iron, Chromium, Zinc, Aluminum, Sodium and Molybdenum in Hard Tissues of Female Rats and Their Offspring
title_short The Effects of Immunosuppressive Treatment during Pregnancy on the Levels of Potassium, Iron, Chromium, Zinc, Aluminum, Sodium and Molybdenum in Hard Tissues of Female Rats and Their Offspring
title_sort effects of immunosuppressive treatment during pregnancy on the levels of potassium, iron, chromium, zinc, aluminum, sodium and molybdenum in hard tissues of female rats and their offspring
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7731177/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33261165
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239038
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