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The inhibitory effect of word neighborhood size when reading with central field loss is modulated by word predictability and reading proficiency

For normally sighted readers, word neighborhood size (i.e., the total number of words that can be formed from a single word by changing only one letter) has a facilitator effect on word recognition. When reading with central field loss (CFL) however, individual letters may not be correctly identifie...

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Autores principales: Sauvan, Lauren, Stolowy, Natacha, Aguilar, Carlos, François, Thomas, Gala, Núria, Matonti, Frédéric, Castet, Eric, Calabrèse, Aurélie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7733451/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33311546
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78420-0
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author Sauvan, Lauren
Stolowy, Natacha
Aguilar, Carlos
François, Thomas
Gala, Núria
Matonti, Frédéric
Castet, Eric
Calabrèse, Aurélie
author_facet Sauvan, Lauren
Stolowy, Natacha
Aguilar, Carlos
François, Thomas
Gala, Núria
Matonti, Frédéric
Castet, Eric
Calabrèse, Aurélie
author_sort Sauvan, Lauren
collection PubMed
description For normally sighted readers, word neighborhood size (i.e., the total number of words that can be formed from a single word by changing only one letter) has a facilitator effect on word recognition. When reading with central field loss (CFL) however, individual letters may not be correctly identified, leading to possible misidentifications and a reverse neighborhood size effect. Here we investigate this inhibitory effect of word neighborhood size on reading performance and whether it is modulated by word predictability and reading proficiency. Nineteen patients with binocular CFL from 32 to 89 years old (mean ± SD = 75 ± 15) read short sentences presented with the self-paced reading paradigm. Accuracy and reading time were measured for each target word read, along with its predictability, i.e., its probability of occurrence following the two preceding words in the sentence using a trigram analysis. Linear mixed effects models were then fit to estimate the individual contributions of word neighborhood size, predictability, frequency and length on accuracy and reading time, while taking patients’ reading proficiency into account. For the less proficient readers, who have given up daily reading as a consequence of their visual impairment, we found that the effect of neighborhood size was reversed compared to normally sighted readers and of higher amplitude than the effect of frequency. Furthermore, this inhibitory effect is of greater amplitude (up to 50% decrease in reading speed) when a word is not easily predictable because its chances to occur after the two preceding words in a specific sentence are rather low. Severely impaired patients with CFL often quit reading on a daily basis because this task becomes simply too exhausting. Based on our results, we envision lexical text simplification as a new alternative to promote effective rehabilitation in these patients. By increasing reading accessibility for those who struggle the most, text simplification might be used as an efficient rehabilitation tool and daily reading assistive technology, fostering overall reading ability and fluency through increased practice.
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spelling pubmed-77334512020-12-15 The inhibitory effect of word neighborhood size when reading with central field loss is modulated by word predictability and reading proficiency Sauvan, Lauren Stolowy, Natacha Aguilar, Carlos François, Thomas Gala, Núria Matonti, Frédéric Castet, Eric Calabrèse, Aurélie Sci Rep Article For normally sighted readers, word neighborhood size (i.e., the total number of words that can be formed from a single word by changing only one letter) has a facilitator effect on word recognition. When reading with central field loss (CFL) however, individual letters may not be correctly identified, leading to possible misidentifications and a reverse neighborhood size effect. Here we investigate this inhibitory effect of word neighborhood size on reading performance and whether it is modulated by word predictability and reading proficiency. Nineteen patients with binocular CFL from 32 to 89 years old (mean ± SD = 75 ± 15) read short sentences presented with the self-paced reading paradigm. Accuracy and reading time were measured for each target word read, along with its predictability, i.e., its probability of occurrence following the two preceding words in the sentence using a trigram analysis. Linear mixed effects models were then fit to estimate the individual contributions of word neighborhood size, predictability, frequency and length on accuracy and reading time, while taking patients’ reading proficiency into account. For the less proficient readers, who have given up daily reading as a consequence of their visual impairment, we found that the effect of neighborhood size was reversed compared to normally sighted readers and of higher amplitude than the effect of frequency. Furthermore, this inhibitory effect is of greater amplitude (up to 50% decrease in reading speed) when a word is not easily predictable because its chances to occur after the two preceding words in a specific sentence are rather low. Severely impaired patients with CFL often quit reading on a daily basis because this task becomes simply too exhausting. Based on our results, we envision lexical text simplification as a new alternative to promote effective rehabilitation in these patients. By increasing reading accessibility for those who struggle the most, text simplification might be used as an efficient rehabilitation tool and daily reading assistive technology, fostering overall reading ability and fluency through increased practice. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-12-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7733451/ /pubmed/33311546 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78420-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Sauvan, Lauren
Stolowy, Natacha
Aguilar, Carlos
François, Thomas
Gala, Núria
Matonti, Frédéric
Castet, Eric
Calabrèse, Aurélie
The inhibitory effect of word neighborhood size when reading with central field loss is modulated by word predictability and reading proficiency
title The inhibitory effect of word neighborhood size when reading with central field loss is modulated by word predictability and reading proficiency
title_full The inhibitory effect of word neighborhood size when reading with central field loss is modulated by word predictability and reading proficiency
title_fullStr The inhibitory effect of word neighborhood size when reading with central field loss is modulated by word predictability and reading proficiency
title_full_unstemmed The inhibitory effect of word neighborhood size when reading with central field loss is modulated by word predictability and reading proficiency
title_short The inhibitory effect of word neighborhood size when reading with central field loss is modulated by word predictability and reading proficiency
title_sort inhibitory effect of word neighborhood size when reading with central field loss is modulated by word predictability and reading proficiency
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7733451/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33311546
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78420-0
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