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Genetic Diversity of Phyllanthus emblica From Two Different Climate Type Areas

Phyllanthus emblica L. is a well-known medicinal and edible plant species. Various medicinal compounds in the fruit make it an important medicinal and promising economic material. The plant is widely distributed in Southwestern and Southern China. However, due to massive deforestation and land recla...

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Autores principales: Liu, Xiongfang, Ma, Yongpeng, Wan, Youming, Li, Zhenghong, Ma, Hong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7734338/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33329643
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.580812
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author Liu, Xiongfang
Ma, Yongpeng
Wan, Youming
Li, Zhenghong
Ma, Hong
author_facet Liu, Xiongfang
Ma, Yongpeng
Wan, Youming
Li, Zhenghong
Ma, Hong
author_sort Liu, Xiongfang
collection PubMed
description Phyllanthus emblica L. is a well-known medicinal and edible plant species. Various medicinal compounds in the fruit make it an important medicinal and promising economic material. The plant is widely distributed in Southwestern and Southern China. However, due to massive deforestation and land reclamation as well as deterioration of its natural habitat in recent years, the wild resources of this species have been sharply reduced, and it is rare to see large-scale wild P. emblica forests so far. In order to effectively protect and rationally utilize this species, we investigated the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and population dynamics of 260 individuals from 10 populations of P. emblica sampled from the dry climate area in Yunnan and wet climate area in Guangxi using 20 polymorphic EST-SSR markers. We found high genetic diversity at the species level (He = 0.796) and within populations (He = 0.792), but low genetic differentiation among populations (F(ST) = 0.084). In addition, most genetic variation existed within populations (92.44%) compared with variation among the populations (7.56%). Meanwhile, the NJ tree, STRUCTURE, and hierarchical analysis suggested that the sampled individuals were clustered into two distinct genetic groups. In contrast, the genetic diversity of the dry climate group (He = 0.786, Na = 11.790, I = 1.962) was higher than that of the wet climate group (He = 0.673, Na = 9.060, I = 1.555), which might be attributed to the combined effects of altitude, precipitation, and geographic distance. Interestingly, only altitude and precipitation had significant pure effects on the genetic diversity, and the former was slightly stronger. In addition, DIYABC analysis suggested the effective population size of P. emblica might have contracted in the beginning of the Last Glacial Maximum. These genetic features provided vital information for the conservation and sustainable development of genetic resources of P. emblica, and they also provided new insights and guidelines for ecological restoration and economic development in dry-hot valleys of Yunnan and karst areas in Guangxi.
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spelling pubmed-77343382020-12-15 Genetic Diversity of Phyllanthus emblica From Two Different Climate Type Areas Liu, Xiongfang Ma, Yongpeng Wan, Youming Li, Zhenghong Ma, Hong Front Plant Sci Plant Science Phyllanthus emblica L. is a well-known medicinal and edible plant species. Various medicinal compounds in the fruit make it an important medicinal and promising economic material. The plant is widely distributed in Southwestern and Southern China. However, due to massive deforestation and land reclamation as well as deterioration of its natural habitat in recent years, the wild resources of this species have been sharply reduced, and it is rare to see large-scale wild P. emblica forests so far. In order to effectively protect and rationally utilize this species, we investigated the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and population dynamics of 260 individuals from 10 populations of P. emblica sampled from the dry climate area in Yunnan and wet climate area in Guangxi using 20 polymorphic EST-SSR markers. We found high genetic diversity at the species level (He = 0.796) and within populations (He = 0.792), but low genetic differentiation among populations (F(ST) = 0.084). In addition, most genetic variation existed within populations (92.44%) compared with variation among the populations (7.56%). Meanwhile, the NJ tree, STRUCTURE, and hierarchical analysis suggested that the sampled individuals were clustered into two distinct genetic groups. In contrast, the genetic diversity of the dry climate group (He = 0.786, Na = 11.790, I = 1.962) was higher than that of the wet climate group (He = 0.673, Na = 9.060, I = 1.555), which might be attributed to the combined effects of altitude, precipitation, and geographic distance. Interestingly, only altitude and precipitation had significant pure effects on the genetic diversity, and the former was slightly stronger. In addition, DIYABC analysis suggested the effective population size of P. emblica might have contracted in the beginning of the Last Glacial Maximum. These genetic features provided vital information for the conservation and sustainable development of genetic resources of P. emblica, and they also provided new insights and guidelines for ecological restoration and economic development in dry-hot valleys of Yunnan and karst areas in Guangxi. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-11-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7734338/ /pubmed/33329643 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.580812 Text en Copyright © 2020 Liu, Ma, Wan, Li and Ma. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Liu, Xiongfang
Ma, Yongpeng
Wan, Youming
Li, Zhenghong
Ma, Hong
Genetic Diversity of Phyllanthus emblica From Two Different Climate Type Areas
title Genetic Diversity of Phyllanthus emblica From Two Different Climate Type Areas
title_full Genetic Diversity of Phyllanthus emblica From Two Different Climate Type Areas
title_fullStr Genetic Diversity of Phyllanthus emblica From Two Different Climate Type Areas
title_full_unstemmed Genetic Diversity of Phyllanthus emblica From Two Different Climate Type Areas
title_short Genetic Diversity of Phyllanthus emblica From Two Different Climate Type Areas
title_sort genetic diversity of phyllanthus emblica from two different climate type areas
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7734338/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33329643
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.580812
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