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Bacterium Lacking a Known Gene for Retinal Biosynthesis Constructs Functional Rhodopsins
Microbial rhodopsins, comprising a protein moiety (rhodopsin apoprotein) bound to the light-absorbing chromophore retinal, function as ion pumps, ion channels, or light sensors. However, recent genomic and metagenomic surveys showed that some rhodopsin-possessing prokaryotes lack the known genes for...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7734400/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33281127 http://dx.doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.ME20085 |
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author | Nakajima, Yu Kojima, Keiichi Kashiyama, Yuichiro Doi, Satoko Nakai, Ryosuke Sudo, Yuki Kogure, Kazuhiro Yoshizawa, Susumu |
author_facet | Nakajima, Yu Kojima, Keiichi Kashiyama, Yuichiro Doi, Satoko Nakai, Ryosuke Sudo, Yuki Kogure, Kazuhiro Yoshizawa, Susumu |
author_sort | Nakajima, Yu |
collection | PubMed |
description | Microbial rhodopsins, comprising a protein moiety (rhodopsin apoprotein) bound to the light-absorbing chromophore retinal, function as ion pumps, ion channels, or light sensors. However, recent genomic and metagenomic surveys showed that some rhodopsin-possessing prokaryotes lack the known genes for retinal biosynthesis. Since rhodopsin apoproteins cannot absorb light energy, rhodopsins produced by prokaryotic strains lacking genes for retinal biosynthesis are hypothesized to be non-functional in cells. In the present study, we investigated whether Aurantimicrobium minutum KNC(T), which is widely distributed in terrestrial environments and lacks any previously identified retinal biosynthesis genes, possesses functional rhodopsin. We initially measured ion transport activity in cultured cells. A light-induced pH change in a cell suspension of rhodopsin-possessing bacteria was detected in the absence of exogenous retinal. Furthermore, spectroscopic analyses of the cell lysate and HPLC-MS/MS analyses revealed that this strain contained an endogenous retinal. These results confirmed that A. minutum KNC(T) possesses functional rhodopsin and, hence, produces retinal via an unknown biosynthetic pathway. These results suggest that rhodopsin-possessing prokaryotes lacking known retinal biosynthesis genes also have functional rhodopsins. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7734400 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77344002020-12-18 Bacterium Lacking a Known Gene for Retinal Biosynthesis Constructs Functional Rhodopsins Nakajima, Yu Kojima, Keiichi Kashiyama, Yuichiro Doi, Satoko Nakai, Ryosuke Sudo, Yuki Kogure, Kazuhiro Yoshizawa, Susumu Microbes Environ Regular Paper Microbial rhodopsins, comprising a protein moiety (rhodopsin apoprotein) bound to the light-absorbing chromophore retinal, function as ion pumps, ion channels, or light sensors. However, recent genomic and metagenomic surveys showed that some rhodopsin-possessing prokaryotes lack the known genes for retinal biosynthesis. Since rhodopsin apoproteins cannot absorb light energy, rhodopsins produced by prokaryotic strains lacking genes for retinal biosynthesis are hypothesized to be non-functional in cells. In the present study, we investigated whether Aurantimicrobium minutum KNC(T), which is widely distributed in terrestrial environments and lacks any previously identified retinal biosynthesis genes, possesses functional rhodopsin. We initially measured ion transport activity in cultured cells. A light-induced pH change in a cell suspension of rhodopsin-possessing bacteria was detected in the absence of exogenous retinal. Furthermore, spectroscopic analyses of the cell lysate and HPLC-MS/MS analyses revealed that this strain contained an endogenous retinal. These results confirmed that A. minutum KNC(T) possesses functional rhodopsin and, hence, produces retinal via an unknown biosynthetic pathway. These results suggest that rhodopsin-possessing prokaryotes lacking known retinal biosynthesis genes also have functional rhodopsins. Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles 2020 2020-12-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7734400/ /pubmed/33281127 http://dx.doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.ME20085 Text en 2020 by Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Regular Paper Nakajima, Yu Kojima, Keiichi Kashiyama, Yuichiro Doi, Satoko Nakai, Ryosuke Sudo, Yuki Kogure, Kazuhiro Yoshizawa, Susumu Bacterium Lacking a Known Gene for Retinal Biosynthesis Constructs Functional Rhodopsins |
title | Bacterium Lacking a Known Gene for Retinal Biosynthesis Constructs Functional Rhodopsins |
title_full | Bacterium Lacking a Known Gene for Retinal Biosynthesis Constructs Functional Rhodopsins |
title_fullStr | Bacterium Lacking a Known Gene for Retinal Biosynthesis Constructs Functional Rhodopsins |
title_full_unstemmed | Bacterium Lacking a Known Gene for Retinal Biosynthesis Constructs Functional Rhodopsins |
title_short | Bacterium Lacking a Known Gene for Retinal Biosynthesis Constructs Functional Rhodopsins |
title_sort | bacterium lacking a known gene for retinal biosynthesis constructs functional rhodopsins |
topic | Regular Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7734400/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33281127 http://dx.doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.ME20085 |
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