Advances and Challenges in the Creation of Porous Metal Phosphonates

In the expansive world of porous hybrid materials, a category of materials that has been rather less explored than others and is gaining attention in development is the porous metal phosphonates. They offer promising features towards applications which demand control over the inorganic–organic network and interface, which is critical for adsorption, catalysis and functional devices and technology. The need to establish a rationale for new synthesis approaches to make these materials in a controlled manner is by itself an important motivation for material chemists. In this review, we highlight the various synthetic strategies exploited, discussing various metal phosphonate systems and how they influence the properties of porous metal phosphonates. We discuss porous metal phosphonate systems based on transition metals with an emphasis on addressing challenges with tetravalent metals. Finally, this review provides a brief description of some key areas of application that are ideally suited for porous metal phosphonates.